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entrapemnt of any of the last four cranial nerves and or the neraby carotid nerve

tumor (primary form the nasopharynx or secondary from the uper cervical lymph nodes)

symptoms :
- pain in or behind ear due to irritation of the auricular branches of the 9 and 10
- headache due to irritation of the meningeal branch of 10
-hoarseness due to paralysis of the laryngeal nerves
- dysphagia (diffiuclty to swallow) due to paralysis of the pharyngomotor fibres
- honers syndrome ( ptosis of upper eyelid, pupillary constriction) due to interruption of sympathetic internal caortid nerve
- wasting of affected side of tongue and deviation of the protruded tongue to the affected side due to infranuclear paralysis of 12
- deviation of teh uvula away form the affected side due to unoposed action of levator palatini
- sensory loss in oroharynx on the affected side
- inabllity do adduct the voral cord to the midline
- weakness and wasting of sternocleidomastoid and treapezius due to interruption of 11

sympathetic signs may be absend if accessory nerves will be unaffected