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● Weight reduction through dietary adjustments (surgically only in patients with BMI >40) reduce glycemia and other cardiovascular risk factors. In addition to caloric restriction, foods high in fiber (such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes), low-fat dairy products, and fresh fish should be recommended, while those rich in saturated fats, and sweet desserts and snacks discouraged.
● Patients reduce glycemia (in addition to weight) also through physical activity, ideally at least 150 min/week of moderate activities such as fast walking, cycling, swimming, aerobic, resistance, or flexibility training.
● Implementing these changes critically depends on personalized training conducted according to an approved curriculum. Patient training should be periodically repeated, especially in patients who fail to achieve the set goals and in cases of pharmacotherapy adjustments or new comorbidities.
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