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Factors affecting substitution
1. Basicity of Nu
RO- > HO- > RCO
> ROH > HO
2. Polarizability (size) of Nu
CN- > I- > RO- > HO- > Br-
3. Solvent
-protic = solvate the leaving group.
-polar = solvate the intermediate.
4. Leaving group (base weakness)
5. Substrate (charge delocalization)
RO- > HO- > RCO
> ROH > HO2. Polarizability (size) of Nu
CN- > I- > RO- > HO- > Br-
3. Solvent
-protic = solvate the leaving group.
-polar = solvate the intermediate.
4. Leaving group (base weakness)
5. Substrate (charge delocalization)
