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‐ changes in the vocal tract > children can be distinguished from adults
‐ diseases > larynx cancer, cold
‐ alteration of voice (deeper, whisper --> helium vs. bromine)
‐ sociolinguistic statement on the speaker (social group, ethnical background, etc.)
‐ speech impediment/pathology (clinical linguistics?)
‐ location of speaker (e.g. tram noise)