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Der hydrostatische Druck nimmt linear mit der Wassertiefe zu. Daraus folgt, dass bei einem Tunnelquerschnitt unterhalb des Grundwasserspiegels an der Firste ein geringerer Wasserdruck herrscht als im Sohlenbereich. Um eine ausreichende Dichtigkeit der Ortsbrust zu erreichen, muss an jeder Stelle des zu sichernden Bereichs der Stützdruck möglichst genauso groß sein wie der außen anstehende Wasserdruck, auf keinen Fall aber kleiner. Bei Gasen ändert sich im Gegensatz zu Wasser der Druck nicht mit der Höhe, und so ist der Luftdruck immer über die gesamte Höhe des Tunnels konstant. Bei einem ausreichend bemessenen Stützdruck an der Tunnelsohle kommt es zwangsläufig zu einem resultierenden Innenüberdruck im Firstbereich.
Durch diesen Überdruck besteht bei zu geringer berdeckungshöhe die Gefahr eines Ausbläsers. Dabei dringt Luft aufgrund des Druckgefälles in das Erdreich ein und versetzt die Bodenteilchen in ein labiles Gleichgewicht, da die aufströmende Luft der Gewichtskraft des Bodens entgegenwirkt. Die Druckluft entweicht explosionsartig, und es kommt zu einem Wassereinbruch im Tunnel.
Durch diesen Überdruck besteht bei zu geringer berdeckungshöhe die Gefahr eines Ausbläsers. Dabei dringt Luft aufgrund des Druckgefälles in das Erdreich ein und versetzt die Bodenteilchen in ein labiles Gleichgewicht, da die aufströmende Luft der Gewichtskraft des Bodens entgegenwirkt. Die Druckluft entweicht explosionsartig, und es kommt zu einem Wassereinbruch im Tunnel.
asuir55 (17.07.2024)
Bei einem Tunnel unter Grundwasserspiegel ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, den Stützdruck so zu gestalten, dass er den äußeren Wasserdruck ausgleicht. Dadurch wird die Dichtheit der Ortsbrust (Tunnelwand) gewährleistet. Im Gegensatz zum Wasserdruck bleibt der Luftdruck konstant, da sich Gase mit der Höhe nicht ändern. http://mapsdirections.io/mapquest-directions
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Karteninfo:
Autor: kuateric
Oberthema: Bauingenieurwesen
Thema: Tunnelbau
Schule / Uni: TU Braunschweig
Ort: Braunschweig
Veröffentlicht: 13.07.2012