neuron extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
Dendrites
the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
synapse
a neuron's reaction of either firing(with a full strength response) or not firing
all-or-none
neuron produced chemicals that cross synapses to carry messages to other neurons or cells
neurotransmitters
chemicals, such as opium, morphine, and heroine, that depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
opiates
"morphine with" - natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
endorphins
the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
nervous system
the sensory and motor neurons connecting the central nervous system to the rest of the body
peripheral nervous system
bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
nerves
neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system
sensory neurons
neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands
motor neurons
neurons that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
interneurons
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
somatic nervous system
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
autonomic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
sympathetic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
parasympathetic nervous system
the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
endocrine system
chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues
hormones
a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidney's and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress
adrenal glands
the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, this gland regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
pituitary gland
the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; this is responsible for automatic survival functions
Answer
recording apparatus, using electrodes placed on the scalp, that records waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface
EEG (electroence phalograph)
a view of brain activity showing where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
PET (position emission tomography)
a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. shows brain anatomy.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
a technique for revealing blood flow and therefore brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. shows brain function
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
area at the top of the brain stem; directs sensory messages to the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
thalmus
a nerve network in the brain stem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
reticular formation
the "little brain" at the rear of the brain stem; functions include, processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and input
cerebellum
neural system (including the hippocampus, amygadala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives
limbic system
two Lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotions
amygdala
a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temp) helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and is linked to emotion
hypothalamus
thin layer of interconnected neurons covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center
cerebral cortex
portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
frontal lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear;receives sensory input for touch and body position
parietal lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields
occipital lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; receives information from the ears
temporal lobes
area at the front of the parietal lobe that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
sensory cortex
false sensory experiences, such as hearing something in the absence of an external auditory
hallucinations
areas of the cerebral vortex that are primarily involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering thinking and speaking
association areas
an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech; controls language reception
Broca's area
a brain area, usually in the left temporal lobe, involved in language comprehension and expression; controls language reception
Wernicke's area
the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
plasticity
large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
corpus callasom
condition in which the brain's two hemispheres are isolated by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them
split brain
sub-field of psychology that studies the connections between out brain activity and the processes of thinking, knowing, remembering, and community
cognitive neuroscience
failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
in attentional blindness
the biological clock ; regular bodily rhythms (ex. temp and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle
circadian rhythm
recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed(except for minor twitches) but other body systems are reactive
REM (rapid eye movement)
periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia or hibernation
sleep
sleep disorder in which a person has uncontrollable sleep attacks, sometimes lapsing directly into REM sleep
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder in which a sleeping person repeatedly stops breathing until blood oxygen is so low it awakens the person just long enough to draw a breath
sleep apnea
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind
dream
Kartensatzinfo:
Autor: MACsgirl11608
Oberthema: Psychology
Thema: General
Schule / Uni: University of Mississippi
Veröffentlicht: 01.03.2010
Tags: Foster
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