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English (or Shakespearean) sonnets are lyric poems that are 14 lines long falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet. Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnets are divided into two quatrains and a six-line sestet.

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day by Shakespeare

Lyric Poetry consists of a poem, such as a sonnet or an ode, that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet. The term lyric is now commonly referred to as the words to a song. Lyric poetry does not tell a story which portrays characters and actions. The lyric poet addresses the reader directly, portraying his or her own feeling, state of mind, and perceptions.

The Tyger by William Blake
The Road not Taken by Robert Frost
I Felt a Funeral in my Brain by Emily Dickinson
Dying by Emily Dickinson

An Elegy is a sad and thoughtful poem lamenting the death of a person.

O Captain! My Captain! by Walt Whitman
Because I could not stop for death by Emily Dickinson
Funeral Blues by Hugh Auden

The Narrative style of poems are characterized by the telling of a story. The narrative style is found in many different types of poems such as Ballads, Epics, and Lays.

The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe
The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer

Epic Poems are long, serious poems that tells the story of a heroic figure.

The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer

Odes are long poems which are serious in nature and written to a set structure.

Ode to a Grecian Urn by John Keats
Ode to a Nightingale by John Keats