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Refers to a limited number of participants who:

1. Are usually in proximity to one another
2. Use many sensory channels
3. Are able to provide immediate feedback

The means available for sending and receiving messages.

Usually involve one or more of the senses.

Transmission can take place verbally and nonverbally

A message, once transmitted, cannot be brought back.

include transmitted data and the coded (verbal and nonverbal) symbols that give particular meaning to the data

The means by which messages travel from sender to receiver

the capacity of a communication approach to transmit cues and provide feedback

Factors include :
Speed of personalized feedback
Variety of cues and language

See Figure 8.2 p.228

gives personal meaning to messages that are to be sent

gives personal, interpreted meaning to messages that are received

Receiver's response to a message.

A message unto itself

Interference with the intended message in the channel

Noise sometimes can be overcome by repeating the message or increasing the intensity (e.g. volume) of the message

A person's verbal and nonverbal communication patterns that have become habits

The sender states what is believed to be false in order to seriously mislead one or more receivers

Represents a wide range of messages that a sender may use between lying and complete honesty

Occurs whenever a message sent by a member of one culture is received and understood by a member of another culture

An Iranian concept.  A set of social manners considered polite or deceitful depending on one's point of view.

The conditions that surround and influence the individual, group, or organization

Characterized by:

1. the establishment of social trust before engaging in work-related discussion
2. the high value placed on personal relationships and goodwill
3. the importance of the surrounding circumstances during an interaction

Chinese
Japanese
Korean

Characterized by

1. directly and immediately addressing tasks, problems, or issues at hand
2. the high value placed on personal expertise and performance
3. the importance of clear, precise, and speedy interactions

German
Swiss
Scandinavian

Occurs when individuals believe that only their culture makes sense, has the right values, and represents the right and logical way to behave

A process whereby people suspend their defensiveness to enable a free flow of exploration into their own and others' assumptions and beliefs

Includes
1. Asking questions to listen and learn
2. integrating multiple perspectives
3. seeking shared meanings
4. uncovering and examining assumptions

means confidently expressing what you think, feel, and believe while respecting the rights of others to hold different views.

Constructive and ethical feedback can foster dialogue through these guidelines:

It is based on a foundation of trust between sender and receiver

It is specific rather than general through the use of clear and recent examples

It is given at a time when the receiver appears to be ready to accept it

It covers behavior that the receiver may be able to do something about

It doesn't include more than the receiver can handle at any particular time

is a questionnaire based process that gathers structured feedback from a number of sources about the competencies and behaviors of an individual or team

Any information that individuals communicate about themselves to others

Involves paying attention, withholding judgment, reflecting, clarifying, summarizing and sharing

the process of sending "wordless" messages by such means as facial expressions, gestures, postures, tones of voice, grooming, clothing, colors, and use or type of space

PERCEIVE

Proximity
Expressions
Relative orientation
Contact
Eyes
Individual Gestures
Voice
Existence of Adapters

Communication through the use of color

Reflects the use of time in a culture

The pattern of communication flows, relationships, and understandings developed over time among people, rather than focusing on the individual and whether a specific message is received by the sender

is the intended pattern and flows of employee-related communication vertically - between levels - and laterally - between individuals, teams, departments, and divisions