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3-1 You have just received a new digital tape measure. When you measure the same board four times, you find the measure fluctuates from 4 to 8 inches. Your new tape measure can be said to be low in

3-2 Correlating the total score of the first twenty questions on a test with the total score of the last twenty questions on a test is an example of what type of reliability?

3-3 Richard and Jacqueline are movie reviewers for the local newspaper.  Both have just watched the same movie.  Both assign the movie 5 out of 5 stars.  Based on their ratings, we might conclude that there is

3-4 You are developing a measure of skills needed for the successful performance of a job.  You include items the job supervisor feels are relevant for the job.  What type of validity would this procedure best represent?

3-5 If research finds that candidates who score high on a medical college admissions test do better in medical school than those who score low on this test, we would say the test has _ validity.

3-6 A researcher has devised an Interpersonal Skills Test that consists of a type of ruler that shows a person's shoe size. This test probably has _ and _.

3-7 Categorizing automobiles as American-made or Foreign-made would be an example of a(n) _ scale.

3-8 Which of the following would not be an example of an interval scale of measurement?

3-9 Scales that measure physical dimensions—such as number of items correct, amount of alcohol consumed, and time to respond—would be an example of a(n) ___ scale.

3-10 A researcher wants to gather information on citizens’ feelings about the building of a new airport in their neighborhood.  She gathers groups of citizens and engages them in a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed airport.  This type of data gathering would best be referred to as a(n) ___ approach.

3-11 When Mrs. Bush asks elementary school children to indicate the number of books they have checked out of the school library during the past month, she is using what type of observational method?

3-12 Dr. Smith participates in a police ride-along program in order to examine the day-to-day activities of police officers.  This method of gathering information may best be described as

3-13 Dr. P., who belongs to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), conducts naturalistic observation research during AA meetings. Dr. P. is a ___ observer.

3-14 Before recording any behaviors displayed by children in a third-grade classroom, Emeril visits the classroom continually for three weeks. Emeril’s visitations will help lessen

3-15 Joanne and Peter are conducting a systematic observation study on children’s aggressive playground behavior.  Joanne concludes that boys display more aggressive behaviors than do girls.  Peter concludes the opposite.  Based on these conclusions, which methodological issue would be of most concern in this study?

3-16 Wendy examines newspaper articles to explore whether female political candidates refer to family members more often than male candidates.  This study is an example of a(n)

3-17 Content analysis and systematic observation are similar in that both

3-18 On a survey, Judd is asked to indicate his age, gender, and marital status. These items best represent which type of survey question?

3-19 The question “Proposition Q proposes an increase in property tax to fund road improvement; do you agree with this proposition?” illustrates which principle of question construction?

3-20 When Carl responds to the questions on a survey, he answers in a way that would reflect most favorably on him.  Carl’s behavior best illustrates