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a group of methods used to collect, analyze, present and interpret data and to make decisions

consists of methods for organizing, displaying, and describing data by using tables, graphs, and summary measures

consists of methods that use sample results to help make decisions or predictions about a population

total set of units, items, objects,or subjects of interest

numerical measure computed from population data

a subset of the population

numerical measure computed from sample data

a sample that represents the characteristics of the population as closely as possible

of a sample or population is a specific subject or object(person, firm, item, state, or country) about which the information is collected

any characteristics under study whose value change from one individual or object to another

the value of a variable for an element

a collection of observations on one or more variables

possible values of the variable correspond to isolated points on the number line meaning this can assume only certain values with no intermediate values

possible values of the variable form an entire interval on the number line

data collected on different elements at the same point in time or for the same period of time

data collected on the same element of the same variable at different points in time or for different periods of time

drawn in such a way that each member of the population has a chance of being selected in the sample

when some members of the population may not have any chance of being selected in a sample

occurs when the way the sample is selected systematically excludes some part of the population of interest

occurs when the method of observation tends to produce values that systematically differ from the true value in some way

occurs when responses are not actually obtained from all individuals selected for inclusion in the sample

when the investigator observes characteristics of a subset of the members of one or more existing populations

one that is related to both group membership and the response variable of interest

when an investigator observes how a response variable behaves when the researcher manipulates one or more factors.

something that is identical in appearance, taste, feel, etc. to the treatment received by the treatment group, except that it contains no active ingredients)