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a morpheme that can occur alone

ex: dog

a meaningful unit of sound that cannot be broken down any further

ex: in, come, -ing

a morpheme that cannot exist alone; it must be part of a larger construction  

ex: -s added to plural words

the process of forming a new word using the base of an existing word

ex: happy => happiness

a change in the form of a word which does not change the class of a word

ex: come => comes

** usually for agreement, tense change, aspect change, or mode

words that have the same sound but different meanings, origins or spelling

ex: their, there, they're

words that have the same spelling and pronunciation but which carry different meanings

ex: bank (financial), bank (on a river's edge)

a word which is a specific example of a more general semantic field

ex: cutlery => spoon

frequent use of particular words that occur together

ex: strong wind, light breeze

a term created by Michael Halliday to refer to the continuing relationship between lexis and grammar

a word that has more than one meaning... the meanings can be rather close, or very far apart

ex: wood (material), wood (forest)
      crane (animal), crane (in construction)

when a word produces a particular feeling or idea for a person in addition to its actual meaning

ex: skinny (seen negatively) vs. thin (viewed positively)

words that are grouped together that have one single meaning; these words cannot be separated from each other

ex: phrasal verbs => wake up

a verb that combines another element with it (adverb, preposition or a combination of both) in order to produce an idiomatic phrase; the words take on one meaning

ex: run out of

noticing a variety of elements in use in order to use the correct phrase or word

ex: Yours faithfully => used in writing, used in formal situations

an addition to the base form of a word which produces a change in meaning or a new word

ex: happy => happiness => unhappy

a morpheme added to the end of a word which creates a derivative; the new word has a different meaning

ex: enjoy => enjoyment

a morpheme added to the beginning of a word which creates a derivative; the new word has a different meaning

ex: perform => outperform

an affix that is inserted into the root of a word

ex: abso-bloody-lutely

a group of words that share the same topic, function or form

ex: pets => cat, dog, rabbit
      adverbs => happily, quickly, boldly

a group of words that are commonly used together

ex: /_If I were you_/ I'd /_take a vacation_/.

commonly used to denote the degree of formality of language; more generally the language that is used/shared by a particular group of people who do the same work/share the same interests

ex: informal, neutral, formal