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● Generalized convulsive cases are defined as one or more seizures of >5 min duration without recovery between attacks. 
● Midazolam (10 mg i.m.), Lorazepam (4 mg i.v.), or Diazepam (10 mg i.v.) should be administered as early as possible. If available, midazolam can be administered nasally or buccally and diazepam rectally by laypersons.
● If there is no improvement after 10 min, hospitalize. Apply phenytoin (20 mg/kg i.v., <50 mg/min, under ECG monitoring) as 2nd line treatment. Alternatives are valproic acid, phenobarbital, and levetiracetam. Monitor and - if necessary - correct ventilation, blood gases, body temperature, glucose, and electrolytes.
● If no improvement after 30 (max. 60) min, induce general anaesthesia using thiopental or propofol.
● Focally convulsive and non-convulsive forms are treated similarly, but general anaesthesia is implemented more conservatively, usually after the failure of 2nd line treatments tried sequentially.
● Determine and treat precipitating causes to prevent recurrence.