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The view that psychology 1. should be an objective science that 2. studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2.

emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individuals potential for personal growth

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

thinking that does not blindly accept arguements and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, uncovers hidden values, weighs evidence, and assesses conclusions

an integrated approach that incorporates different but complementary views from biological, psychological, and social cultural perspectives.

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

the long standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's psychological science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

the scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome that would have foreseen it.

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

a testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

a statement of the procedures used to define research variables

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with a different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic findings extends to other participants and circumstances.

an observation technique in which one person is studies in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

the perception of a relationship where none exist

a method in which researchers vary one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).

assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing any differences between them

the group in an experiment that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable

the group in an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

an inert substance or condition that is assumed to be an active agent

a procedure in which participants and research staff are ignorant(blind) about who has received the treatment or a placebo

results caused by expectations alone

the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable