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area in a desert that flourishes due to an underground water source

Arabs without a permanent home looking for grazing land for animals and people to trade with (usually at oases)

line of camels that carry trade goods

Arab tribal chief

holy city in Arabia where Islam began (Muhammad born there)

site of Hijrah, beginning of Islamic calendar

belief in one god

prophet and messenger of God who began Islam

messenger of God

religion of Muslims

Arabic for God in Islam

one who believes in Islam

when arts and achievements flourished in the Middle East

holy book of Muslims- words of Allah

belief, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage

Muslim house of worship

holy book of Islam- words, deeds, teachings of Muhammad

black structure in Makkah where muslims must go at least once in a lifetime if able- site of Pilgrimage 5th pillar

leader of Islam after Muhammad died- "successor to Messenger of God" (caused Sunni and Shiite eventually)

where Islam began- home to nomadic tribes

caused by disagreement about caliph- separated into groups still today