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list the 5 afferent (incoming) fibres to the cortex which go to any given region of the cortex. they derive form these 5 sources.
1. Long or short association fibres from small and medium-sized pyramidal cells of the ipsilateral cortex. Long association fibres arise in another lobe, while short association fibres arise much closer, often in a neighbouring gyrus
2. Commissural fibres from medium-sized pyramidal cells projecting mainly through the corpus callosum from matching areas in the contralateral hemisphere.
3. Specific thalamocortical fibres from the appropriate specific or association nucleus (e.g. from the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus → somatosensory cortex; from the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus → prefrontal cortex).
4. Non-specific thalamocortical fibres from the intralaminar nuclei.
5. Cholinergic and aminergic fibres from the basal forebrain, hypothalamus and brainstem.
2. Commissural fibres from medium-sized pyramidal cells projecting mainly through the corpus callosum from matching areas in the contralateral hemisphere.
3. Specific thalamocortical fibres from the appropriate specific or association nucleus (e.g. from the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus → somatosensory cortex; from the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus → prefrontal cortex).
4. Non-specific thalamocortical fibres from the intralaminar nuclei.
5. Cholinergic and aminergic fibres from the basal forebrain, hypothalamus and brainstem.
