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Are obtained when any reading is repeated and all the readings are close, or identical. E.g. if you obtained the four measurements given above, (see Average) you would say they were concordant. If however, you obtained 6.2, 6.1, 7.1 and 5.3 for example, then these readings are not concordant. The 7.1 cm and 5.3 cm readings would probably be anomalous readings and these two readings should be checked again. Anomalous results should not be included when averaging results. The more concordant your results are the more reliable they are likely to be.