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submental artery

submental vein

deep cervical lymph nodes

Same as sublingual gland:

Parasympathetic: chorda tympani (VII)

Sympathetic: superior cervical ganglia

Sympathetic stimulation: constricts blood supply and reduces secretion

submental artery

thumb size

partly superficial and partly deep to mylohyoid muscle

passes deep, then superficial to lingual nerve

opens via sublingual papillae along the frenulum

sublingual artery

submental artery

lingual vein

facial vein

deep cervical lymph nodes

Same as submandibular gland:

Parasympathetic: chorda tympani (VII)

Sympathetic: superior cervical ganglia

Sympathetic stimulation: constricts blood supply and reduces secretion

lies in floor of mouth between mandible and genioglossus

numerous small ducts open into the floor of the mouth, sometimes into submandibular duct

smallest and deepest gland

forms a horseshoe shaped mass around frenulum on floor of mouth

superficial & deep cervical lymph nodes

Retromandibular vein into internal jugular

External carotid
superficial temporal artery

Parasympathetic: Glossopharyngeal (IX) via lesser petrosal nerve > otic ganglion > auriculotemporal nerve (VII) > parotid gland

Parasympathetic stimulation: produces watery saliva

Sympathetic: cervical ganglia (external carotid plexus)

Sympathetic stimulation: produces thick mucous saliva

Superficial and deep components

Wedged between masseter muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle

overlaps posterior parts of masseter muscle

Superficial and deep components

covered by fibrous parotid fascia

5 cm long, 5 cm wide

Passes through buccinator muscle

enters oral cavity opposite second maxillary molar

palate
lips
cheek
tonsils
tongue

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

10% of population have a :thyroid ima artery" which is a potential source of bleeding in thyroid surgery

thyroid veins into thyroid plexus

thyroid veins to thyroid plexus

deep cervical lymph nodes

paratracheal lymph nodes

cervical sympathetic ganglia (causes constriction of blood vessels)

Endocrine secretion

regulated by pituitary gland

Secretes T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (tri-iodothyronine) which regulate the rate of metabolism (90% in T4) and affect growth and rate of function of many body systems

between C5 and T1

usually anterior to 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

consists of right and left lobes, separated by isthmus

inferior and superior thyroid arteries

thyroid plexus

deep cervical lymph nodes

paratracheal lymph nodes

Autonomic nervous system (not well known)

parathyroid hormone (increases bone resorption)

holds up tongue and larynx

transmits force of muscles to help open jaw

body

greater horn

lesser horn

mylohyoid

geniohyoid

stylohyoid

forms floor of mouth

innervated by mylohyoid nerve from inferior alveolar nerve (V3)

center and attaches to body of hyoid bone

innervated by C1

from styloid process to greater horn of hyoid bone

has a hole in it for the digastric muscle to pass through

innervated by CN VII

Pulls hyoid up via pulley system.

Stretches from mandible to mastoid process

Innervated by CN VII

Omohyoid

Sternohyoid

Thyrohyoid

innervated by C1-C3 ansa cervicalis

(ansa cervicalis is a loop formed by C1-C3)

Innervated by C1-C3 ansa cervicalis (ansa cervicalis is a loop formed by C1-C3)

Innervated by C1

Piggybacks on CN IX; takes the same path, but is not part of it

deglutition = swallowing.

1st: Oral, voluntary stage
2nd: Pharyngeal, reflexive stage
3rd: esophageal stage

First stage

Voluntary

Food pushed into oropharynx by tongue
Tongue raised and pushed against hard palate

Second stage

Reflexive

Breathing and chewing cease. Food goes over tongue and enters esophagus. Trachea closes.

Third stage

Inferior constrictor of pharynx muscle moves food

Under control of brainstem and mysenteric plexus.
Innervation: internal and external laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve (all branches from vagus; vagus control)