Gross: Heart amp Pericardium | Learn flashcards online

Gross: Heart & Pericardium (43 Cards)

Where is the heart positioned in both the dog and the cat?

Dog: From the 3rd rib to the 6th intercostal space
Cat: From the 3rd or 4th rib (4th intercostal space) to the 6th or 7th rib

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Is the base of the heart ventrally or dorsally located?

Dorsally located

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Where does the apex of the heart point?

Ventrall, caudally, and usually towards the left

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What forms the apex of the heart?

The left ventricle

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What are the three layers of the heart?

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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What is the thickest layer of the heart?

Myocardium

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What is the cardiac counterpart of tunica intima of vessels called?

Endocardium

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What layers compose the external layer of pericardium?

Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium

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What is fused to the pericardium and is clinically considered part of the pericardium?

Pericardial mediastinal pleura

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What connects the fibrous pericardium to the sternal part of the diaphragm in carnivores?

Phrenicopericardial ligament

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What are the two surfaces of the heart and where do they face?

Atrial-Right
Auricular-Left

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What groove is located between the atria and ventricles?

Coronary groove

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What groove is located between ventricles on the auricular side?

Paraconal interventricular groove

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What interventricular groove is located on the atrial surface?

Subsinuosal interventricular groove

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The tricuspid valve is located between what two chambers?

Right atrium and ventricle

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What is the flow of blood from the cranial and caudal vena cavae to the lungs?

Cranial/caudal vena cavae
Right atrium
Right atrioventricular valve
right ventricle
Conus arteriosus
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
Right and Left pulmonary arteries
lungs

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What is the flow of blood from the lungs to the aorta?

Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left atrioventricular valve
Left ventricle
Left outflow tract
Aortic Valve
Aorta

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What is the main part of the right atrium called?

Sinus venarum

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Name an appendage of the right atrium

Auricle

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What are the openings to the right atrium?

Cranial vena cava
Caudal vena cava
+/- Azygos vein
Coronary sinus
Right atrioventricular orifice

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What veins drain into the coronary sinus?

Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein

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What is the wall between the right and left atria called?

The interatrial septum

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What diverts blood entering the cavas to the right ventricle?

Intervenous tubercle

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What is the remnant of the foramen ovale and where is it located?

Fossa Ovalis
Caudal to the intervenous tubercle

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What muscle bands are located on the internal wall of the auricle and lateral wall of the sinus venarum?

Pectinate muscles

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What are the two main parts of the tricuspid valve and where are they attached?

Parietal cusp- Free wall of ventricle
Septal cusp- Septal wall of ventricle

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What attaches the tricuspid to the papillary muscles?

Chordae tendineae

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What gives rise to the chordae tendineae?

Papillary muscles

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What are the muscular ridges on the ventricular walls?

Trabeculae carneae

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What muscle strands course across the lumen of the ventricle and what do they do?

Trabeculae septomarginalis and they conduct Purkinje fibers from the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle across the lumen of the ventricle.

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What is the coning down of the terminal part of the right ventricle called?

Conus arteriosus

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What has three semilunar cusps with central nodules?

Pulmonic valve

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What are the cusps of the mitral valve?

Parietal cusp (posterior)
Septal cusp (dorsal, anterior)
Secondary cusps at ends of major cusps

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The aortic valve has how many semilunar cusps?

Three

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Name the aortic sinuses

Right, left and non-coronary sinuses

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The right and left coronary arteries arise from what?

Right and left aortic sinuses

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The left coronary artery arises from what?

The left aortic sinus

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What branches arise from the left coronary artery?

Paraconal interventricular br.
Circumflex br.

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What artery courses in the parconal interventricular groove?

The paraconal interventricular branch of the left coronary artery

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From what does the right coronary artery arise?

The right aortic sinus

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What is the difference in the subsinuosal interventricular branch between the dog and the cat?

In the dog, the subsinuosal interventricular branch is a continuation of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery while it could also be from the right coronary artery in the cat.

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Where does the great cardiac vein course?

Apex of heart->Paraconal interventricular groove->coronary groove->coronary sinus

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Where does the middle cardiac vein course?

Subsinuosal interventricular groove->coronary sinus