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Entomology Exam 3 (FINAL) (129 Cards)

How do moth exhibit natural selection?

50 years ago, they were light to blend in with trees. Since trees have become darker with pollution and time, the moths have adapted and become darker.

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What is Batesian Mimicry?

Resemblance to an organism that is inedible

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What is an example of Batesian Mimicry?

The Viceroy and Monarch butterflies look the same. Only the Monarch is toxic

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What is Müllerian Mimicry? Example.

The mutual resemblance of two or more unpalatable species to enhance predator avoidance.

Two S. American Butterfly Species [A and B].

A1:B1
A2:B2
A3:B3

A1≠B2

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What is the "resemblance of an organism to its background" called? What is an example of it?

Crypsis

Dead leaf buttefly - its wing looks like a leaf

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What is the interaction between a Passion Vine and Butterfly?

Passion Vines deter butterflies by their:
-toxicity
-fake eggs (larvae are cannibals)
-Pashion vines mimic each other

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To what order do Mantises belong? What does Mantis mean?

Mantodea

prophet

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Mantises have Metamorphosis, mouthparts, and their eggs are laid in an .

Incomplete

chewing

ootheca

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Why do female Mantids eat their mates (2 theories)? Why is this hard?

1. It releases male "inhibitions" and sperm
2. Provides female with nutrients

Why is it hard?
Male is smaller and hard to eat while mating.

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The Mantis is a predator. It uses to recognize its prey.

Generalist

antennae

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To what Order do Walking Sticks belong? What does the order mean***?

Phasmida meaning apparition.

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The order Phasmida is recognized by:
1.                   Metamorphosis.
2.                   mouthparts.
3. An organism from Phasmida can                                 to escape a predator.

1. Incomplete
2. Chewing
3. Lose a leg

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Besides looking like a leaf or twig, what 3 things do caterpillars do to disguise their eating of a leaf?

1. Eat around the edge
2. Hides behind leaf
3. Clips leaf after done eating

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Who combined Art and Entomology?

Maria Merian

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What is Ethnoentomology?

study of the cultural importance of insects

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What was done to arrows in the African desert?

Toxic beetle pupae dug from soil and squished on the tips of arrows

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Who got a PHD in Ethnoentomology at UGA and worked with the Kayapo?

Darrel Posey***

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What did young men from the Kayapo people do ceremonially? Why?

They hit large wasp nests to acquire power from the Universe. The wasp nest is symbolic of the universe.

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Who wrote Why Not Eat Insects in the late 19th century? What are the healthy benefits of eating insects?

Vincent Holt

Benefits:
-Protein
-Fat
-Vitamins (A and D)

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What insects do Aborigines eat? What are they called?

Beetle Larvae called Whitchedy Grubs.

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In New Guinea, the Sago Palm provides what two things?

1. Starch
2. Protein from the larvae of the Capricorn Beetle***

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Botswana is known for its charcoal grilled 1 . Thailand is known for its steamed bamboo 2 , 3 , and steamed 4 5 .

1. caterpillars
2. worms
3. waterbugs
4 & 5. hornet grubs

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South American Indians are known to barbecue what?

Tarantulas

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At the Atlanta Olympics, Chinese female runners ate what two insects?

1. Winter bugs
2. Summer grass caterpillar with fungus

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In 1995, who survived by eating insects after being shot down in Bosnia?

Scott O' Grady

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What does this short jingle refer to?

Ring around the rosies, A picket full of posies
Ashes, ashes, We all fall down

Bubonic Plague

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Who wrote the World's Shortest Poem? What is it called? Recite it.

Ogden Nash wrote Fleas.

Adam had 'em

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Robert Frost wrote three poems that had to do with four insects. What are the three poems and four insects?

1. Fireflies in the Garden (fireflies)

2. Design (spider and moths)

3. Departmental (ants)

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What time of year are insects more likely to appear in cartoons?

Winter

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Who writes the cartoon Far Side? Where did he take Entomology class?

Gary Larson

Washington State University

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Who wrote the orchestral interlude Flight of the Bumblebee? What song does Mariah Carey sing using the symbolism of a certain insect?

Rimsky Korsakov

Butterfly

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Why can't insects be as large as in the movies?

They breathe by diffusion.

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What is the "greatest insect movie" according to our professor? What is the basic plot?

Them (1954)

Giant ants mutated by H-bomb testing invade Los Angeles sewers.

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What is "the study of insects from a legal aspect"?

Forensic Entomology

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For what five things are insects helpful as forensic indicators?

1. estimate time of death
2. assess death scene
3. corpse transport or relocation
4. injury prior to death
5. drug testing

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What insect is used to estimate how long a person has been dead? During what interval is it most accurate?

Blow Fly

first 30 days

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Why is the Blow Fly a good indicator of how long a body has been dead (2 reasons)? Development of a Blow Fly is dependent on what?

1. Blow Flies are the first to arrive at corpse
2. Succession of insects is predictable

Temperature dependent

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What is a Maggot Mass?

A large group of Blow Fly Larvae that live in the flesh of a dead animal and maintain high temperatures

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How can a Forensic Entomologist tell if a corpse has been relocated (2 ways)?

1. few insects in soil beneath body
2. insects in body are foreign

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How were the parents of a young child prosecuted for abuse and neglect in a case study discussed in class?

Areas around where a diaper is had fly maggots with a larval age of 5 days. This proved that the diapers hadn't been changed in at least 5 days.

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What happened in the case study in Chicago?

A woman is raped by a man in a ski mask. The mask is found in his apartment, but the suspect said the mask had not been worn. Burrs and Caterpillars were found at the crime scene and on the mask, which proved that the mask had been outside in the last 6 months.

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Ticks and Mites belong to which class and subclass? What type of metamorphosis do they have?

Class: Arachnida
Subclass: Acari ***

Incomplete metamorphosis

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What happened in the Oregon case study discussed in class?

A rifle is fired at a party and a neighbor is killed. The body is found one month later and insects help determine the time of death.

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How many main body parts do Ticks and Mites have? How many legs do they usually have?

2 body parts with no division

usually have 8 legs

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Which victims do Ticks parasitize and which do Mites parasitize?

Mammals, All Animals, Reptiles, Birds, Plants

Ticks:
-Mammals
-Birds
-Reptiles

Mites:
-All Animals
-Plants

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Where does Lyme Disease get its name? What is its vector***? What is its disease agent? Where is it most prevalent?

Old Lyme, Connecticut

Deer tick***

the bacterium Borelia

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How does Lyme Disease spread? What are the short-term and long-term symptoms? With what can it be treated?

Ticks feed on infected mice. The bacteria multiply in the tick, then the tick feeds on man.

Short-term Symptoms
-circular rash
-flu-like illness

Long-term Symptoms
-Arthritis
-heart/nerve problems

Can be treated with Antibiotics.

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T/F: Ticks removed from the body should be saved.

True

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During what stage of its metamorphosis is the Deer Tick usually a vector? How many are infected?

Nymph

1/3 infected

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T/F: The Deer Tick is larger than the Dog Tick.

False - smaller

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When removing a tick from skin, where do you want to grasp it?

Grasp the tick where it enters the skin

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Why is there more Lyme Disease two years after Oak trees produce a more than usual amount of acorns?

A large supply of acorns means more mice and more tick nymphs, so Lime Disease increases.

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What is the vector of the Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? What is its disease agent?

Vector: Dog Tick

Disease Agent is a bacterium called Rickettsia.

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To what class and subclass do Scorpions belong?

Class: Arachnida

Subclass: Scorpiones

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From which two general locations can Scorpion species kill a human?

North African and Middle Eastern species

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During mating, the Male Scorpion deposits sperm on a . He then pulls the female over it.

Stalk

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T/F: Female Scorpions lay eggs and care for the young.

False - bear live offspring

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To what class and subclass do Spiders belong***?

Class: Arachnida
Subclass: Araneae***

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T/F: Most Spiders are venomous and produce silk.

True

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Male Spiders deliver sperm with .

Palps

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What does the Bolas Spider do to attract and catch prey?

It makes a ball with mucous with a moth sex pheromone.

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The Large Jawed Spider transfers sperm to what before he transfers it to his palps?

"a special web"

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What does the Jumping Spider do to attract a mate?

Puts her in a trance with front leg movements (mating dance)

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How does the Net Casting Spider "talk" to a female? How many mates can females and males have?

by strumming on web

Females have one, but store the sperm. Males can mate many times.

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How does a male St. Andrews Cross Spider identify himself to a female? Why is mating risky?

by plucking on the web

The male may be eaten by the female because she is much larger.

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The Orb Weaver Spider does what to its web to keep birds from flying through it? What is this called? How do birds use it?

Zig-zag cross strands in a web called Stabilimentum are created.

Birds may use Stabilimentum for silk in their nests.

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Most Spiders are beneficial. Only species, or 0.1%, can harm humans.

30 species

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What is special about a Tarantula's hair?

It is barbed and toxic. They can throw hair at predators.

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Spider Venom contains:
1. Toxins that affect the .
2.Enzymes that degrade .

nervous system

tissue

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What physical feature is characteristic of the Black Widow Spider? What does its venom do?

Red hourglass on abdomen

causes muscles to cramp; it circulates in the blood

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A bite from a Black Widow Spider may cause nausea, profuse sweating, slurred speech, rigid body, and general pain peaking at about minutes. Doctors commonly misdiagnose the bite as . Their venom is 30x more toxic than a rattlesnake's.

30 minutes

Apendicitis

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The Brown Recluse is known for what physical feature? What does its bite do the skin?

a "Violin" shape on the cephalothorax

it causes sever skin necrosis

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Where was silk first produced?*** Who is the Goddess of Silkworms?

China

Si-Ling-Chi

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Silkworm 1 (stage) make a 2 of silk. They feed on the 3 plant. Silk is a 4 (organic compound) with 5 (size) amino acids.

1. Larvae
2. cocoon
3. Mulberry
4. protein
5. small

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Silk was produced in Georgia in which two centuries? What insect was imported from New England to make "better" silk?

17th and 18th centuries

Gypsy moth

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Silkworm larvae become 1 times heavier after eating. 2 pounds of leaves yields 1 pound of silk.

1. 12,000
2. 220

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Who cloned the spider silk gene, useful in sutures, bandages, parachutes, clothes, and canoes?

Randy Lewis

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Ants, bees, and wasps belong to which order? What does the order's name mean?

Hymenoptera

hymeno meaning god of marriage
ptera meaing wings

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The order Hymenoptera has (Complete/Incomplete) metamorphosis and have mouthparts.

Complete

chewing

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In the class Hymenoptera, the female selects the sex of the young. If she fertilizes, the young is . If she does not fertilize, the opposite is true.

female

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T/F: Hymenoptera is the most beneficial order.
T/F: Hymenoptera have two pair of wings that beat as one.

True

True

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T/F: The Velvet ant is a solitary wasp.

True

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T/F: The Velvet ant is winged with camouflaged colors.

False - wingless and brightly colored

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Female Mud Dauber Wasps build a nest with mud then put paralyzed live A in the nest. It then lays B (#) egg/s per cell. The male guards the nest.

A. spiders
B. one

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What "Three level interactions" of parasitoids exist?

(Note: I'm not exactly sure what this means)

1. Herbivore
2. Plant
3. Parasitoid

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What is the interaction between Bark Beetles and trees?

Bark Beetles infest trees carrying fungus. The fungus modifies tree terpenes attracting more beetles and parasitoid wasps.

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What did Joe Lewis find Parasitoid wasps are attracted to? There is money in teaching wasps to do what?

They are attracted to plant damage signals (cut grass smell).

Teach wasps to find a specific crop.

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Wasps have been used in the War on Bioterrorism to detect what?

toxins

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How does the Solitary Bee provide for its young?

1. It digs a nest and collects pollen
2. It marks the nest with a chemical scent
3. It lays its eggs and the larva eat the pollen

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How do bees collect pollen?

Using "Branched hairs" on their legs.

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Carpenter Bees lay the largest egg of any insect. Why are female egg cells larger than male egg cells?

The daughters reuse the nest.

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How does the Blueberry bee collect pollen differently from other bees? What is it called?

Blueberry bees use a long tongue to collect nectar; other bees cut the flower and rob the nectar.

This is called "buzzing".

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How does the Queen bee rule her colony?

With pheromones.

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When a new Queen bee is being raised, it is fed "Royal Jelly". What does the new queen do to rival queens?

It kills them

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Male Drone bees are the result of what? When the male drones mate, their penis breaks off and they die.

an unfertilized egg

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What makes bees more docile?

smoke

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Worker bees are 1 (sex) and produce 2 to cover honey cells. They can produce an alarm pheromone and leave the colony to collect 3 .

1. female
2. wax
3. nectar or pollen

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What is the venom in Honey bees called?

Melittin

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T/F: Worker bees visit many species of flowers.

False - one

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What three things can a Honey Bee dance tell the colony?

1. Direction of flowers
2. Distance
3. Sample of nectar

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Bees are known to be altruistic. How does this apply to their behavior?

Self-destructive behavior can be performed for the benefit of others.

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What is honey?

"bee barf" - regurgitated nectar

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ON EXAM: Africanized bees were brought to in 1965. They are very aggressive and have traveled up to the Western US in recent years.

Brazil

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A % of all plants are pollinated by insects. The male sex organ of a flower is the B and the female sex organ is the C .

A. 70%
B. Anthers
C. Stigma

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ON EXAM: Describe the relationship between the Hammer Orchid and the Solitary Wasp.

The Hammer Orchid is shaped like a female wasp and smells like the female wasp pheromone.

The male tries to mate with the flower and in doing so, gets bathed in pollen. It then goes on to pollinate the next orchid.

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What type of insect does the Lily attract? What does it smell and look like?

It attracts the Blow Fly and smells/looks like a corpse.

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What 3 social wasps exist in Georgia and where are their nests?

Yellow jackets - nest in ground

Hornets - closed nest

Paper wasps = open nest Polistes

(Note: I think "Polistes" is the genus name of the Paper wasp)

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What is the composition of a Paper Wasp's nest***?

Paper - plant fiber
and
Glue - protein from saliva

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How do wasps defend their nest against ants?

With "Funeral Compounds". Ants with these acids are carried to the graveyard.

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Only social wasps that are 1 (sex) can sting. The stinger is a modified 2 .

1. Female
2. Ovipositor

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Wasps and hornets use (2 words) to recognize their kin.

Cuticular Hydrocarbons

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What two hornets exist in Georgia? What are their nests categorized as?

1. Baldfaced Hornet - bag nest***

2. European Hornet - hidden nest

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When do Yellow Jacket colonies disintegrate?

In the Fall

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What Family and Genus are Fire Ants? What two species are there?

Family: Formicidae
Genus: Solenopsis

Red and Black Fire ants

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Fire Ants came to the US from South America through what city?

Mobile, AL

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ON EXAM: T/F: Fire ants are attracted to electrical circuits.

True

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Fire Ants compete for food with what non-insect?

Blue Birds

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Venom in Fire Ants is made up of 1 *.
4th 2 larvae eat solids*.

1. Alkaloids
2. Instar (a phase between two periods of molting)

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What do reproductive male and female Fire Ants have that their sterile counterparts don't?

Wings

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How many chemicals can control a Fire Ant population?
What are the three Biological controls for Fire Ants? Which is the most promising***?

There are 8,000 chemicals that can control Fire Ants.

Biological Controls:
1. Nematodes
2. Fire Ant pheromone as bait
3. Parasitoid Fly eats the Fire Ants' heads (most promising)

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What is "the exchange of liquid between the members of a colony" called?

Trophallaxis

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What is the study of ants?

Myrmecology

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How long do ant colonies live? How many times does the Queen mate?

2-18 years

Queen mates once.

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What is the sac in a female Queen that stores sperm called?

Spermatheca