1) Over the past two decades, business schools have added required courses on people skills to
many of their curricula. Why have they done this?
A) Managers no longer need technical skills in subjects such as economics and accounting to
succeed.
B) There is an increased emphasis in controlling employee behavior in the workplace.
C) Managers need to understand human behavior if they are to be effective.
D) These skills enable managers to effectively lead human resources departments.
E) A manager with good people skills can help create a pleasant workplace.
many of their curricula. Why have they done this?
A) Managers no longer need technical skills in subjects such as economics and accounting to
succeed.
B) There is an increased emphasis in controlling employee behavior in the workplace.
C) Managers need to understand human behavior if they are to be effective.
D) These skills enable managers to effectively lead human resources departments.
E) A manager with good people skills can help create a pleasant workplace.
c
2) Which of the following is most likely to be a belief held by a successful manager?
A) Technical knowledge is all that is needed for success.
B) It is not essential to have sound interpersonal skills.
C) Technical skills are necessary, but insufficient alone for success.
D) Effectiveness is not impacted by human behavior.
E) Technical skills do not influence efficiency.
A) Technical knowledge is all that is needed for success.
B) It is not essential to have sound interpersonal skills.
C) Technical skills are necessary, but insufficient alone for success.
D) Effectiveness is not impacted by human behavior.
E) Technical skills do not influence efficiency.
c (exam)
7) Which of a manager’s primary roles requires the manager to define an organization’s goals,
establish an overall strategy for achieving these goals and develop a comprehensive hierarchy of
plans to integrate and coordinate activities?
A) controlling
B) planning
C) staffing
D) coordinating
E) leading
establish an overall strategy for achieving these goals and develop a comprehensive hierarchy of
plans to integrate and coordinate activities?
A) controlling
B) planning
C) staffing
D) coordinating
E) leading
b
13) Robert Katz identified three essential skills that managers need to have in order to reach their
goals. What are these skills?
A) technical, decisional and interpersonal
B) technical, human, and conceptual
C) interpersonal, informational and decisional
D) conceptual, communication and networking
E) human, informational and communication
goals. What are these skills?
A) technical, decisional and interpersonal
B) technical, human, and conceptual
C) interpersonal, informational and decisional
D) conceptual, communication and networking
E) human, informational and communication
b (exam)
14) A manager is valued by her colleagues for her ability to perform effective break-even analysis
on upcoming ventures. In this case, her colleagues value her for competencies that fall within
which of Katz’s essential management skills categories?
A) technical
B) communication
C) human
D) conceptual
E) education
on upcoming ventures. In this case, her colleagues value her for competencies that fall within
which of Katz’s essential management skills categories?
A) technical
B) communication
C) human
D) conceptual
E) education
a
15) According to Katz, technical skills encompass the ability to .
A) analyze and diagnose complex situations
B) exchange information and control complex situations
C) apply specialized knowledge or expertise
D) initiate and oversee complex projects
E) communicate effectively with others
A) analyze and diagnose complex situations
B) exchange information and control complex situations
C) apply specialized knowledge or expertise
D) initiate and oversee complex projects
E) communicate effectively with others
c (exam)
20) How does Luthans define a manager’s success?
A) by the quantity and quality of their performance
B) by the satisfaction and commitment of their employees
C) by the rate and quantity of pay raises
D) by the speed of their promotion
E) by their scores on a 360-degree feedback analysis
A) by the quantity and quality of their performance
B) by the satisfaction and commitment of their employees
C) by the rate and quantity of pay raises
D) by the speed of their promotion
E) by their scores on a 360-degree feedback analysis
d (exam)
25) An OB study would be least likely to be used to focus on which of the following problems?
A) an increase in absenteeism at a certain company
B) a fall in productivity in one shift of a manufacturing plant
C) a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competition
D) an increase in theft by employees at a retail store
E) excessive turnover in volunteer workers at a non-profit organization
A) an increase in absenteeism at a certain company
B) a fall in productivity in one shift of a manufacturing plant
C) a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competition
D) an increase in theft by employees at a retail store
E) excessive turnover in volunteer workers at a non-profit organization
c
30) Which of the following is a reason that the study of organizational behavior is useful?
A) Human behavior does not vary a great deal between individuals and situations.
B) Human behavior is not random.
C) Human behavior is not consistent.
D) Human behavior is rarely predictable.
E) Human behavior is often not sensible.
A) Human behavior does not vary a great deal between individuals and situations.
B) Human behavior is not random.
C) Human behavior is not consistent.
D) Human behavior is rarely predictable.
E) Human behavior is often not sensible.
b (exam)
56) What is the probable consequence of the fact that women significantly outnumber men on U.S.
college campuses?
A) Eventual parity in the number of men and women in the workforce.
B) An increase in the number of technical positions filled by women.
C) An increase in competition between men for professional and managerial jobs
D) A steady increase in the number of technical, professional, and managerial positions
E) A decrease in the competition for jobs in positions that have traditionally been filled by
women.
college campuses?
A) Eventual parity in the number of men and women in the workforce.
B) An increase in the number of technical positions filled by women.
C) An increase in competition between men for professional and managerial jobs
D) A steady increase in the number of technical, professional, and managerial positions
E) A decrease in the competition for jobs in positions that have traditionally been filled by
women.
d
70) Which of the following has not contributed to blurring the lines between employees’ work life
and personal life?
A) the creation of global organizations
B) communications technology allowing employees to work any time and from any place
C) organizations asking employees to put in longer hours
D) creation of flexible teams
E) the increase in dual career households
and personal life?
A) the creation of global organizations
B) communications technology allowing employees to work any time and from any place
C) organizations asking employees to put in longer hours
D) creation of flexible teams
E) the increase in dual career households
d (exam)
71) What growth area in OB research concerns how organizations develop human strengths, foster
vitality and resilience, and unlock potential?
A) positive organizational scholarship
B) ethical behavioral research
C) balancing work-life conflict
D) networked organizational research
E) temporariness studies
vitality and resilience, and unlock potential?
A) positive organizational scholarship
B) ethical behavioral research
C) balancing work-life conflict
D) networked organizational research
E) temporariness studies
a
77) Why did Sears try to improve the employee-customer interaction through training of its
employees?
A) to generate additional revenue
B) to decrease merchandise returns
C) to improve repeat customer business.
D) to increase job satisfaction
E) to lower complaints made about employee behavior
employees?
A) to generate additional revenue
B) to decrease merchandise returns
C) to improve repeat customer business.
D) to increase job satisfaction
E) to lower complaints made about employee behavior
a
Josef Nobles has been a manager at Mountain Chemicals for five years. Hired for his expertise in project accounting, he
rose quickly through the ranks and is now the head of the accounting and finance department. Josef is viewed as the
rising star in the organization by his superiors.
85) According to Katz, the skills that Mr. Nobles was hired for were what type of skill?
A) human
B) conceptual
C) technical
D) controlling
E) directing
rose quickly through the ranks and is now the head of the accounting and finance department. Josef is viewed as the
rising star in the organization by his superiors.
85) According to Katz, the skills that Mr. Nobles was hired for were what type of skill?
A) human
B) conceptual
C) technical
D) controlling
E) directing
c
You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational
behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and
industrial engineering.
88) The faculty member from should furnish information about personality, learning, and
motivation.
A) sociology
B) psychology
C) anthropology
D) political science
E) industrial engineering
behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and
industrial engineering.
88) The faculty member from should furnish information about personality, learning, and
motivation.
A) sociology
B) psychology
C) anthropology
D) political science
E) industrial engineering
b (exam)
The manager at a construction site observes that he is spending a great deal of time interviewing prospective employees.
This is due to the large amount of absenteeism and turnover among his skilled workers. On questioning exiting
employees he discovers that many of them quit because they feel the workplace is too dangerous. In particular, several
foremen have stated that the need to get the job done quickly is more important than a few rules, and have gone as far as
to mock the courage of workers who question this attitude.
91) What is not a dependent variable that the manager wishes to explain in this case?
A) turnover
B) absenteeism
C) time spent interviewing new hires
D) deviant workplace behavior
E) the skill level of his workers
This is due to the large amount of absenteeism and turnover among his skilled workers. On questioning exiting
employees he discovers that many of them quit because they feel the workplace is too dangerous. In particular, several
foremen have stated that the need to get the job done quickly is more important than a few rules, and have gone as far as
to mock the courage of workers who question this attitude.
91) What is not a dependent variable that the manager wishes to explain in this case?
A) turnover
B) absenteeism
C) time spent interviewing new hires
D) deviant workplace behavior
E) the skill level of his workers
e
97) Which of the following statements is true about the term “ability”, as it is used in the field of
organizational behavior?
A) It refers to an individual’s willingness to perform various tasks.
B) It is a current assessment of what an individual can do.
C) It refers exclusively to intellectual skills.
D) It refers exclusively to physical skills.
E) It is a prediction of future aptitude based on current attitudes.
organizational behavior?
A) It refers to an individual’s willingness to perform various tasks.
B) It is a current assessment of what an individual can do.
C) It refers exclusively to intellectual skills.
D) It refers exclusively to physical skills.
E) It is a prediction of future aptitude based on current attitudes.
b (exam)
111) Which of the following statements concerning tenure is not true?
A) Recent evidence demonstrates a positive relationship between seniority and job
productivity.
B) Tenure does not appear to be a good predictor of employee productivity.
C) Tenure is a potent variable in explaining turnover.
D) Tenure and satisfaction are positively related.
E) Tenure and organizational investment are negatively related
A) Recent evidence demonstrates a positive relationship between seniority and job
productivity.
B) Tenure does not appear to be a good predictor of employee productivity.
C) Tenure is a potent variable in explaining turnover.
D) Tenure and satisfaction are positively related.
E) Tenure and organizational investment are negatively related
e
121) Classical conditioning would view which of the following as most likely to be a conditioned
response?
A) wincing when you stub your toe
B) driving on the right side of the road
C) flinching when startled by a loud noise
D) looking for shelter when the sky turns gray
E) mouth watering when you eat delicious food
response?
A) wincing when you stub your toe
B) driving on the right side of the road
C) flinching when startled by a loud noise
D) looking for shelter when the sky turns gray
E) mouth watering when you eat delicious food
d
123) Which of the following is not true of classical conditioning?
A) Classical conditioning is passive.
B) Classical conditioning can explain simple reflexive behaviors.
C) Learning a conditioned response involves building an association between a conditioned
stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
D) A neutral stimulus takes on the properties of a conditioned stimulus.
E) Classical conditioning is different in many respects from operant conditioning.
A) Classical conditioning is passive.
B) Classical conditioning can explain simple reflexive behaviors.
C) Learning a conditioned response involves building an association between a conditioned
stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
D) A neutral stimulus takes on the properties of a conditioned stimulus.
E) Classical conditioning is different in many respects from operant conditioning.
d
124) When Joe gets stressed he often drinks chamomile tea. This calms him since he associates
chamomile tea drinking with happy visits with his grandmother in his childhood. The calm
feeling brought on by the tea is an example of which of the following?
A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) sensory learning
D) social learning
E) shaping
chamomile tea drinking with happy visits with his grandmother in his childhood. The calm
feeling brought on by the tea is an example of which of the following?
A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) sensory learning
D) social learning
E) shaping
a
125) Why does classical conditioning theory fail to adequately describe behavior in the workplace?
A) Most behavior of individuals in the workplace is reflexive rather than voluntary.
B) Most behavior of individuals in the workplace is emitted rather than elicited.
C) Most behavior of individuals in the workplace is complex.
D) It is very difficult to determine exactly which conditioned stimulus elicits which response
in the workplace.
E) Classical conditioning works well describing animal behavior but not human behavior.
A) Most behavior of individuals in the workplace is reflexive rather than voluntary.
B) Most behavior of individuals in the workplace is emitted rather than elicited.
C) Most behavior of individuals in the workplace is complex.
D) It is very difficult to determine exactly which conditioned stimulus elicits which response
in the workplace.
E) Classical conditioning works well describing animal behavior but not human behavior.
b
135) Four processes have been found to determine the influence that a model will have on an
individual. Which of the following is not one of those processes?
A) attentional processes
B) retention processes
C) motor reproduction processes
D) reinforcement processes
E) consequential processes
individual. Which of the following is not one of those processes?
A) attentional processes
B) retention processes
C) motor reproduction processes
D) reinforcement processes
E) consequential processes
e
146) The corporate audit staff makes a series of randomly timed, unannounced visits to a company
office. On each visit they check the records to see that they are up to date and correct. These
visits are an example of which of the following?
A) positive reinforcement
B) variable-interval reinforcement schedule
C) continuous reinforcement schedule
D) fixed reinforcement schedule
E) static response method
office. On each visit they check the records to see that they are up to date and correct. These
visits are an example of which of the following?
A) positive reinforcement
B) variable-interval reinforcement schedule
C) continuous reinforcement schedule
D) fixed reinforcement schedule
E) static response method
b
You are the first-line supervisor for a group of employees who make cheese slicers. Their job is not terribly interesting or
challenging and you have noticed that they are frequently tardy returning from their breaks. You have studied the
concept of shaping behavior and decide that you will try to apply it to this situation.
157) You praise Allen for returning on time from break. This is an example of .
A) negative reinforcement
B) positive reinforcement
C) extinction
D) social learning
E) modeling
challenging and you have noticed that they are frequently tardy returning from their breaks. You have studied the
concept of shaping behavior and decide that you will try to apply it to this situation.
157) You praise Allen for returning on time from break. This is an example of .
A) negative reinforcement
B) positive reinforcement
C) extinction
D) social learning
E) modeling
b
158) You want Allison to take an accounting course so that she can help with the bookkeeping.
Allison does not want to go to night school to take the course and has been resisting. You know
that her least favorite duty is preparing payroll. You tell her that she will be given extra help
with preparing payroll whenever she takes an accounting class. This is an example of .
A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) punishment
D) extinction
E) classical conditioning
Allison does not want to go to night school to take the course and has been resisting. You know
that her least favorite duty is preparing payroll. You tell her that she will be given extra help
with preparing payroll whenever she takes an accounting class. This is an example of .
A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) punishment
D) extinction
E) classical conditioning
a (exam)
162) John’s attendance has historically been unreliable and you have decided to use reinforcement
and compliment him when his attendance record shows improvement. The most effective
schedule of reinforcement will probably be .
A) variable-interval intermittent
B) fixed-interval intermittent
C) continuous
D) punishment-based
E) shaped
and compliment him when his attendance record shows improvement. The most effective
schedule of reinforcement will probably be .
A) variable-interval intermittent
B) fixed-interval intermittent
C) continuous
D) punishment-based
E) shaped
c
169) What are the three classes of factors that influence perception?
A) factors in the setting, factors in the environment, and factors in the motives
B) factors in the perceiver, factors in the target, and factors in the situation
C) factors in the character, factors in knowledge, and factors in experience
D) factors in the personality, factors in the character, and factors in the values
E) factors in the senses, factors in the surroundings, and factors in the lighting
A) factors in the setting, factors in the environment, and factors in the motives
B) factors in the perceiver, factors in the target, and factors in the situation
C) factors in the character, factors in knowledge, and factors in experience
D) factors in the personality, factors in the character, and factors in the values
E) factors in the senses, factors in the surroundings, and factors in the lighting
b
173) Which of the following is not true about our perceptions of a target?
A) Objects that are close together will be perceived together rather than separately.
B) Persons that are similar to each other tend to be grouped together.
C) Targets are usually looked at in isolation.
D) Motion, sounds, size, and other attributes of a target shape the way we see it.
E) Objects that are distant from one another will be perceived separately rather than as a
group.
A) Objects that are close together will be perceived together rather than separately.
B) Persons that are similar to each other tend to be grouped together.
C) Targets are usually looked at in isolation.
D) Motion, sounds, size, and other attributes of a target shape the way we see it.
E) Objects that are distant from one another will be perceived separately rather than as a
group.
c
175) What is the most relevant application of perception concepts to OB?
A) the perceptions people form about each other
B) the perceptions people form about their employer
C) the perceptions people form about their culture
D) the perceptions people form about society
E) the perceptions people form about external reality
A) the perceptions people form about each other
B) the perceptions people form about their employer
C) the perceptions people form about their culture
D) the perceptions people form about society
E) the perceptions people form about external reality
a (exam)
179) In attribution theory, what is distinctiveness?
A) whether an individual displays consistent behaviors in different situations
B) whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations
C) whether an individual displays consistent behaviors in similar situations
D) whether an individual displays different behaviors in similar situations
E) whether an individual displays different behavior from other people
A) whether an individual displays consistent behaviors in different situations
B) whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations
C) whether an individual displays consistent behaviors in similar situations
D) whether an individual displays different behaviors in similar situations
E) whether an individual displays different behavior from other people
b (exam)
181) What does consensus refer to in attribution theory?
A) There is general agreement about a perception.
B) Different people respond the same way in the same situation.
C) There is general agreement about how people desire to respond to the same situation.
D) Different people perceive a situation similarly.
E) All people behave precisely the same way in certain situations.
A) There is general agreement about a perception.
B) Different people respond the same way in the same situation.
C) There is general agreement about how people desire to respond to the same situation.
D) Different people perceive a situation similarly.
E) All people behave precisely the same way in certain situations.
b
186) What sort of actions is most likely to be attributed to external causes?
A) actions that have high distinctiveness, high consensus, and high consistency
B) actions that have high distinctiveness, high consensus, and low consistency
C) actions that have high distinctiveness, low consensus, and low consistency
D) actions that have low distinctiveness, low consistency, and high consensus
E) actions that have low distinctiveness, low consensus, and low consistency
A) actions that have high distinctiveness, high consensus, and high consistency
B) actions that have high distinctiveness, high consensus, and low consistency
C) actions that have high distinctiveness, low consensus, and low consistency
D) actions that have low distinctiveness, low consistency, and high consensus
E) actions that have low distinctiveness, low consensus, and low consistency
c oder e
187) What term is used for the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and
overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of
others?
A) fundamental attribution error
B) self-serving bias
C) selective perception
D) consistency
E) actor bias
overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of
others?
A) fundamental attribution error
B) self-serving bias
C) selective perception
D) consistency
E) actor bias
a
188) Your boss never gives you the benefit of the doubt. When you were late back from lunch, he
assumed that you had simply taken too much time. He never considered that the elevators were
out and you had to walk up 10 flights of stairs. Your boss is guilty of .
A) self-serving bias
B) selective perception
C) fundamental attribution error
D) inconsistency
E) stereotyping
assumed that you had simply taken too much time. He never considered that the elevators were
out and you had to walk up 10 flights of stairs. Your boss is guilty of .
A) self-serving bias
B) selective perception
C) fundamental attribution error
D) inconsistency
E) stereotyping
c
202) Jenny is being interviewed for a position as an editor. At the start of the interview she is
flustered and repeatedly mispronounces the name of the company she is applying to work for.
She thinks the rest of the interview goes very well and she is confident about getting the job.
Why might her confidence be misplaced?
A) Most employment decisions have been made before the interview is conducted.
B) Most interviewers make their decision by the first 5 minutes of the interview.
C) Employers gain most of their knowledge of a potential employee’s skill set through
interviewing.
D) Interviewers make perceptual judgments that are often inaccurate.
E) Interviewers will use stereotypes to judge her, so what she says and does at the interview
will be of little importance
flustered and repeatedly mispronounces the name of the company she is applying to work for.
She thinks the rest of the interview goes very well and she is confident about getting the job.
Why might her confidence be misplaced?
A) Most employment decisions have been made before the interview is conducted.
B) Most interviewers make their decision by the first 5 minutes of the interview.
C) Employers gain most of their knowledge of a potential employee’s skill set through
interviewing.
D) Interviewers make perceptual judgments that are often inaccurate.
E) Interviewers will use stereotypes to judge her, so what she says and does at the interview
will be of little importance
d
203) Leone thinks that because her employee Josef went to an Ivy League college he is very
knowledgeable, and always asks his opinion on the firm’s investments. In reality, Josef knows
very little about investing, but makes sure he reads up on it so that he can give an informed
opinion to Leone. What has occurred in this situation?
A) profiling
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy
C) a self-serving bias
D) the fundamental attribution error
E) a projection event
knowledgeable, and always asks his opinion on the firm’s investments. In reality, Josef knows
very little about investing, but makes sure he reads up on it so that he can give an informed
opinion to Leone. What has occurred in this situation?
A) profiling
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy
C) a self-serving bias
D) the fundamental attribution error
E) a projection event
b
237) Jim is a student who cannot work at writing a paper for more than 30 minutes, yet he can spend
many hours writing comments on blogs. What accounts for the change in motivation in this
case?
A) his ability
B) the situation
C) his personality
D) the congruence
E) the structure of the task
many hours writing comments on blogs. What accounts for the change in motivation in this
case?
A) his ability
B) the situation
C) his personality
D) the congruence
E) the structure of the task
b
242) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs arranges those needs in which of the following orders?
A) physiological, esteem, safety, social, and self-actualization
B) physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization
C) safety, physiological, esteem, social, and self-actualization
D) physiological, social, safety, esteem, and self-actualization
E) safety, physiological, social, esteem, and self-actualization
A) physiological, esteem, safety, social, and self-actualization
B) physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization
C) safety, physiological, esteem, social, and self-actualization
D) physiological, social, safety, esteem, and self-actualization
E) safety, physiological, social, esteem, and self-actualization
b
244) Danielle wants to become a surgeon, not only because achieving this goal will give her
self-respect and autonomy, but also because she wants a job with high status and recognition
from others. Which of Maslow’s needs is Danielle trying to fill?
A) self-actualization
B) social
C) esteem
D) psychological
E) safety
self-respect and autonomy, but also because she wants a job with high status and recognition
from others. Which of Maslow’s needs is Danielle trying to fill?
A) self-actualization
B) social
C) esteem
D) psychological
E) safety
c
258) What is the major problem with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in organizational behavior?
A) It is difficult to apply to the workplace.
B) It is vague as to how a workplace can satisfy higher-order needs.
C) Its terminology tends to alienate those to whom it is applied.
D) It is almost impossible to assess how well an individual has a particular need filled.
E) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes
A) It is difficult to apply to the workplace.
B) It is vague as to how a workplace can satisfy higher-order needs.
C) Its terminology tends to alienate those to whom it is applied.
D) It is almost impossible to assess how well an individual has a particular need filled.
E) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes
e
262) Which of the following is a behavior that would most likely be exhibited by a Theory X
manager?
A) She lets her employees choose their own goals.
B) She trusts her employees to use discretion in most matters.
C) She strictly controls the details of any project she is managing.
D) She delegates authority extensively to junior managers.
E) She honestly informs her employees of the likelihood that they will lose their jobs
manager?
A) She lets her employees choose their own goals.
B) She trusts her employees to use discretion in most matters.
C) She strictly controls the details of any project she is managing.
D) She delegates authority extensively to junior managers.
E) She honestly informs her employees of the likelihood that they will lose their jobs
c (exam)
263) Two managers are talking about how they get the best out of their employees: Jo: “I tell my
employees that times are tough and there is no way of telling when the guys in head office
might try to downsize. Let me tell you, a bit of fear keeps them focused on the task at hand.”
Chris “I tell them that head office is making them more responsible for deciding how to do their
work. The increased sense of ownership they have makes productivity go way up” How would
these managers be best characterized by Douglas McGregor?
A) Both hold Theory X assumptions.
B) Both hold Theory Y assumptions.
C) Chris holds Theory X assumptions; Jo holds Theory Y assumptions.
D) Jo holds Theory X assumptions; Chris holds Theory Y assumptions.
E) The statements would not indicate that either manager is predisposed to either Theory X
or Theory Y assumptions.
employees that times are tough and there is no way of telling when the guys in head office
might try to downsize. Let me tell you, a bit of fear keeps them focused on the task at hand.”
Chris “I tell them that head office is making them more responsible for deciding how to do their
work. The increased sense of ownership they have makes productivity go way up” How would
these managers be best characterized by Douglas McGregor?
A) Both hold Theory X assumptions.
B) Both hold Theory Y assumptions.
C) Chris holds Theory X assumptions; Jo holds Theory Y assumptions.
D) Jo holds Theory X assumptions; Chris holds Theory Y assumptions.
E) The statements would not indicate that either manager is predisposed to either Theory X
or Theory Y assumptions.
d (exam)
264) Someone subscribing to theory X would agree with which of the following statements?
A) Individuals are dominated by Maslow’s lower level needs.
B) Individuals are dominated by Maslow’s higher level needs.
C) Individuals are not clearly dominated by any particular level of Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs.
D) Individuals are in reality independent of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
E) Individuals are dominated by their needs in a situational context rather than in a strict
hierarchy.
A) Individuals are dominated by Maslow’s lower level needs.
B) Individuals are dominated by Maslow’s higher level needs.
C) Individuals are not clearly dominated by any particular level of Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs.
D) Individuals are in reality independent of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
E) Individuals are dominated by their needs in a situational context rather than in a strict
hierarchy.
a (exam)
268) Which of the following is not true about the two-factor theory?
A) Working conditions are characterized as hygiene factors.
B) Intrinsic factors are motivators.
C) A job becomes satisfying when the dissatisfying characteristics are removed.
D) Responsibility is a satisfier.
E) Hygiene factors are demotivators.
A) Working conditions are characterized as hygiene factors.
B) Intrinsic factors are motivators.
C) A job becomes satisfying when the dissatisfying characteristics are removed.
D) Responsibility is a satisfier.
E) Hygiene factors are demotivators.
c (exam)
272) Which of the following is a not a criticism of the two-factor theory?
A) No overall measure of satisfaction is utilized.
B) The research methodology does not examine productivity.
C) The theory is inconsistent with previous research.
D) The system used by raters is too rigid and not open to interpretation.
E) He assumed a strong relationship between satisfaction and productivity.
A) No overall measure of satisfaction is utilized.
B) The research methodology does not examine productivity.
C) The theory is inconsistent with previous research.
D) The system used by raters is too rigid and not open to interpretation.
E) He assumed a strong relationship between satisfaction and productivity.
d
279) A manager wishes to motivate a sales employee who is a high achiever. According to
McClelland, which of the following sales territories should be assigned to such a salesperson?
A) one where he is loosely controlled and he is certain to meet his sales targets
B) one where he is closely controlled and there is a moderate chance he will exceed his sales
targets
C) one where he is loosely controlled and there is a moderate chance he will exceed his sales
targets
D) one where he is closely controlled and there is a small chance he will greatly exceed his
sales targets
E) one where he is loosely controlled and there is a small chance he will greatly exceed his
sales targets
McClelland, which of the following sales territories should be assigned to such a salesperson?
A) one where he is loosely controlled and he is certain to meet his sales targets
B) one where he is closely controlled and there is a moderate chance he will exceed his sales
targets
C) one where he is loosely controlled and there is a moderate chance he will exceed his sales
targets
D) one where he is closely controlled and there is a small chance he will greatly exceed his
sales targets
E) one where he is loosely controlled and there is a small chance he will greatly exceed his
sales targets
c
280) You are supervising a team leader in charge of training employees to use a new phone system.
According to McClelland, which of the following courses of action will best ensure this
employee stays motivated in his task?
A) Trust him to do the job independently, and do not give feedback until the project is
completed.
B) Trust him to do the job independently, and do not give any feedback unless it is asked for.
C) Trust him to do the job independently, but do not fail to provide plenty of feedback.
D) Closely supervise him, and provide moderate amounts of feedback.
E) Closely supervise him, and provide a great deal of feedback
According to McClelland, which of the following courses of action will best ensure this
employee stays motivated in his task?
A) Trust him to do the job independently, and do not give feedback until the project is
completed.
B) Trust him to do the job independently, and do not give any feedback unless it is asked for.
C) Trust him to do the job independently, but do not fail to provide plenty of feedback.
D) Closely supervise him, and provide moderate amounts of feedback.
E) Closely supervise him, and provide a great deal of feedback
b
300) What is the major failure of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior?
A) It cannot adequately describe the original behavior.
B) It originated in the studies of the responses of animals.
C) Most behavior is in fact environmentally caused.
D) It ignores the effect of rewards and punishments upon behavior.
E) It does not recognize the effect of feelings, attitudes, and other cognitive variables
A) It cannot adequately describe the original behavior.
B) It originated in the studies of the responses of animals.
C) Most behavior is in fact environmentally caused.
D) It ignores the effect of rewards and punishments upon behavior.
E) It does not recognize the effect of feelings, attitudes, and other cognitive variables
e
316) The theory that asserts that motivation depends upon an employee’s goals, and the belief that
productive behavior will get these goals accomplished, is called .
A) Herzberg’s dual-factor theory
B) McClelland’s three needs theory
C) Vroom’s expectancy theory
D) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
E) Alderfer’s ERG theory
productive behavior will get these goals accomplished, is called .
A) Herzberg’s dual-factor theory
B) McClelland’s three needs theory
C) Vroom’s expectancy theory
D) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
E) Alderfer’s ERG theory
c
317) Helen is an office worker who processes health insurance forms. She has worked at her present
job for three years. Initially she was criticized by her supervisor for sloppy work, but in the
months after that improved considerably. Now she consistently processes her forms without
errors and above quota. However she has found her supervisor has not responded to the extra
effort she puts in, giving her no praise and no financial reward. Helen will most likely perceive
that there is a problem in which of the following relationships?
A) rewards-personal goals
B) performance-reward
C) effort-performance
D) rewards-effort
E) performance-achievement
job for three years. Initially she was criticized by her supervisor for sloppy work, but in the
months after that improved considerably. Now she consistently processes her forms without
errors and above quota. However she has found her supervisor has not responded to the extra
effort she puts in, giving her no praise and no financial reward. Helen will most likely perceive
that there is a problem in which of the following relationships?
A) rewards-personal goals
B) performance-reward
C) effort-performance
D) rewards-effort
E) performance-achievement
b
320) According to expectancy theory, the degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an
individual’s personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the
individual is known as what sort of relationship?
A) performance-reward
B) effort-performance
C) rewards-personal goals
D) effort-satisfaction
E) performance-achievement
individual’s personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the
individual is known as what sort of relationship?
A) performance-reward
B) effort-performance
C) rewards-personal goals
D) effort-satisfaction
E) performance-achievement
c
305) Which of the following is not true about referent comparisons in equity theory?
A) Both men and women prefer same-sex comparisons.
B) Employees in sex-segregated jobs use more cross-sex comparisons.
C) Employees with long tenure rely more heavily on co-workers for comparisons.
D) Upper-level employees make more other-outside comparisons.
E) Those with higher amounts of education tend to have better information about people in
other organizations.
A) Both men and women prefer same-sex comparisons.
B) Employees in sex-segregated jobs use more cross-sex comparisons.
C) Employees with long tenure rely more heavily on co-workers for comparisons.
D) Upper-level employees make more other-outside comparisons.
E) Those with higher amounts of education tend to have better information about people in
other organizations.
b
71) What growth area in OB research concerns how organizations develop human strengths, foster
vitality and resilience, and unlock potential?
A) positive organizational scholarship
B) ethical behavioral research
C) balancing work-life conflict
D) networked organizational research
E) temporariness studies
vitality and resilience, and unlock potential?
A) positive organizational scholarship
B) ethical behavioral research
C) balancing work-life conflict
D) networked organizational research
E) temporariness studies
a
You are a new employee with Acme, Inc. Your supervisor has explained your job to you and has indicated that you will
have a great deal of control over your job once you become proficient at it. He compliments your history of accepting
responsibility and suggests that you are to feel free to offer constructive criticism about the way that your job is
structured.
328) Your supervisor seems to possess assumptions.
A) Theory T
B) Theory V
C) Theory W
D) Theory X
E) Theory Y
have a great deal of control over your job once you become proficient at it. He compliments your history of accepting
responsibility and suggests that you are to feel free to offer constructive criticism about the way that your job is
structured.
328) Your supervisor seems to possess assumptions.
A) Theory T
B) Theory V
C) Theory W
D) Theory X
E) Theory Y
e
329) Which of the following is something you would not expect your supervisor to believe?
A) Employees view work as natural.
B) The average person will seek responsibility.
C) Workers place security above most other factors.
D) The ability to make innovative decisions is not necessarily the sole province of managers.
E) Workers are generally reliable.
A) Employees view work as natural.
B) The average person will seek responsibility.
C) Workers place security above most other factors.
D) The ability to make innovative decisions is not necessarily the sole province of managers.
E) Workers are generally reliable.
c
You graduated from college two years ago and began working at Hampstead Electronics. You have received good
performance evaluations and a raise. You just found out that a recent college graduate with no experience has been hired
at a higher salary than you are now making.
337) Which of the following will you probably use to evaluate this situation?
A) equity
B) expectancy
C) goal setting
D) reinforcement
E) self-enhancement
performance evaluations and a raise. You just found out that a recent college graduate with no experience has been hired
at a higher salary than you are now making.
337) Which of the following will you probably use to evaluate this situation?
A) equity
B) expectancy
C) goal setting
D) reinforcement
E) self-enhancement
a
375) Which of the following is not a finding of Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne studies?
A) A worker’s behavior and sentiments are closely related.
B) Group standards are highly effective in establishing individual worker output.
C) Money was less a factor in determining worker output than were group standards,
sentiments, and security.
D) Competition between groups will maximize group output.
E) Group influences are significant in affecting individual behavior.
A) A worker’s behavior and sentiments are closely related.
B) Group standards are highly effective in establishing individual worker output.
C) Money was less a factor in determining worker output than were group standards,
sentiments, and security.
D) Competition between groups will maximize group output.
E) Group influences are significant in affecting individual behavior.
d (exam)
376) What term is used for the process by which an individual’s desire for acceptance by the group
and the pressure by the group on individual members to match its standards results in a change
in individual attitudes and behaviors?
A) conformity
B) coercion
C) commitment
D) convergence
E) confluence
and the pressure by the group on individual members to match its standards results in a change
in individual attitudes and behaviors?
A) conformity
B) coercion
C) commitment
D) convergence
E) confluence
a (exam)
518) The unity-of-command principle states which of the following?
A) Managers should limit their oversight to a maximum of 12 employees.
B) Managers should oversee 1 · 4 employees on average.
C) An individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor.
D) Managers should provide direction to their employees in a unified fashion.
E) Employees should report directly to two supervisors to maintain task balance.
A) Managers should limit their oversight to a maximum of 12 employees.
B) Managers should oversee 1 · 4 employees on average.
C) An individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor.
D) Managers should provide direction to their employees in a unified fashion.
E) Employees should report directly to two supervisors to maintain task balance.
c (maybe)
521) Which of the following is not a drawback of a narrow span of control?
A) It is expensive.
B) It makes vertical communication in the organization more complex.
C) Supervisors may lose control of their employees.
D) It encourages overly tight supervision.
E) It helps increase organizational efficiency.
A) It is expensive.
B) It makes vertical communication in the organization more complex.
C) Supervisors may lose control of their employees.
D) It encourages overly tight supervision.
E) It helps increase organizational efficiency.
c
524) are consistent with recent efforts by companies to reduce costs, cut overhead, speed up
decision making, increase flexibility, get closer to customers, and empower employees.
A) Wider spans of control
B) Narrower spans of control
C) Matrix structures
D) Simple structures
E) None of the above
decision making, increase flexibility, get closer to customers, and empower employees.
A) Wider spans of control
B) Narrower spans of control
C) Matrix structures
D) Simple structures
E) None of the above
a
526) The best definition for centralization is a situation in which decision making .
A) is pushed down to lower level employees
B) is concentrated at a single point in the organization
C) depends on the situation
D) is completed in each department and then sent to the president for review
E) is diffused among a large segment of employees
A) is pushed down to lower level employees
B) is concentrated at a single point in the organization
C) depends on the situation
D) is completed in each department and then sent to the president for review
E) is diffused among a large segment of employees
b
527) In an organization that has high centralization, .
A) the corporate headquarters is located centrally to branch offices
B) all top level officials are located within the same geographic area
C) action can be taken more quickly to solve problems
D) new employees have a great deal of legitimate authority
E) top managers make all the decisions and lower level managers merely carry out directions
A) the corporate headquarters is located centrally to branch offices
B) all top level officials are located within the same geographic area
C) action can be taken more quickly to solve problems
D) new employees have a great deal of legitimate authority
E) top managers make all the decisions and lower level managers merely carry out directions
e
565) Which of the following generalizations about organizational structures and employee
performance and satisfaction is most accurate?
A) There is fairly strong evidence linking decentralization and job satisfaction.
B) No evidence supports a relationship between span of control and employee performance.
C) The evidence generally indicates that work specialization contributes to lower employee
productivity.
D) Employees dislike routine work that makes minimal intellectual demands.
E) Large spans of control provide more distant supervision, thereby increasing employee
productivity.
performance and satisfaction is most accurate?
A) There is fairly strong evidence linking decentralization and job satisfaction.
B) No evidence supports a relationship between span of control and employee performance.
C) The evidence generally indicates that work specialization contributes to lower employee
productivity.
D) Employees dislike routine work that makes minimal intellectual demands.
E) Large spans of control provide more distant supervision, thereby increasing employee
productivity.
b
577) In observing the departments in his division, Matthew notices that some managers with wide
spans of control seem to perform more effectively than other managers with similarly-sized
spans of control. Which of the following statements is most likely true regarding the
high-performing managers?
A) These managers are paid higher salaries than the low-performing managers.
B) These managers discourage employee autonomy, which produces more uniform
departmental results.
C) The employees within their departments tend to compete to reach productivity goals,
which boosts performance.
D) The employees within their departments have poor communication with each other.
E) The employees within their departments are highly skilled and very knowledgeable about
their jobs.
spans of control seem to perform more effectively than other managers with similarly-sized
spans of control. Which of the following statements is most likely true regarding the
high-performing managers?
A) These managers are paid higher salaries than the low-performing managers.
B) These managers discourage employee autonomy, which produces more uniform
departmental results.
C) The employees within their departments tend to compete to reach productivity goals,
which boosts performance.
D) The employees within their departments have poor communication with each other.
E) The employees within their departments are highly skilled and very knowledgeable about
their jobs.
c
581) You describe to your students a new committee within the university that brings together
specialists from all different departments to develop a new interdisciplinary program. The
structure probably best meets the definition of the .
A) matrix structure
B) expert structure
C) boundaryless structure
D) virtual structure
E) organizational pyramid
specialists from all different departments to develop a new interdisciplinary program. The
structure probably best meets the definition of the .
A) matrix structure
B) expert structure
C) boundaryless structure
D) virtual structure
E) organizational pyramid
d (exam)
583) You have decided to hire other organizations to perform many of the basic functions of your
business. You have hired an accounting firm to keep your records, a recruiting firm to handle
human resource functions, and a computer firm to handle all records. To keep costs down, you
are looking for other areas in which to outsource operations. You have chosen to operate your
business as a .
A) matrix organization
B) virtual organization
C) team structure
D) boundaryless structure
E) organizational pyramid
business. You have hired an accounting firm to keep your records, a recruiting firm to handle
human resource functions, and a computer firm to handle all records. To keep costs down, you
are looking for other areas in which to outsource operations. You have chosen to operate your
business as a .
A) matrix organization
B) virtual organization
C) team structure
D) boundaryless structure
E) organizational pyramid
b
Flashcard set info:
Author: mariagrau25
Main topic: Business Economics
School / Univ.: Hanze Hogeschool
City: Groningen
Published: 12.04.2010
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