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The predictable and orderly changes that occur over time in a community of plants and animals.

The series of changes occurring in a newly formed, barren habitat.

The base usually rock or soil in which an organism lives.

The first species to populate or repopulate a barren or disturbed area.

To establish growth in an ecological community.

The scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environments.

The plant life in an area.

A scientists who studies plant life.

A stage in the series of communities formed during ecological succession.

The series of changes occurring in an area where the existing ecosystem has been disturbed, but not destroyed.

The wood from conifers or evergreen trees. They produce cones.

The  wood from broad wood mostly deciduous trees. They loose their leaves in the fall.

The physical surface features of a place or region.