Psychology chapter 5 | Learn flashcards online

Psychology chapter 5 (38 Cards)

Changing one form if energy into another. In sensation, the tranforming of stimulus energies, such as sights sounds and smells into neural impulses our brains can interpret.

Transduction

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The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Absolute threshold

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Below our absolute threshold for concious awareness

Subliminal

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Activating often unconciously associations in our minds thus setting us up to percieve or remember objects or events in certain ways

Priming

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The minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for a detection 50% of the time

Difference stimuli

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The principle that to be perceived as different 2 stimuli must differ by a constant
minimum proportion (rather than a constant amount).

Weber's law

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Reduced sensitivity in response to constant stimulation

Sensory adaptation

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The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next

Wavelength

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The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue green and so forth

Hue

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The amount of energy in the light or sound wave which we perceive as brightness or loudness as determined by the waves amplitude

Intensity

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the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye; contains the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the proccessing of visual information

retina

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retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond

rods

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the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

optic nerve

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retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina; in day light or well lit conditions, these detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations

cones

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the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye; this part of the retina is "blind" because it has no receptor cells

blind spot

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nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as edges, lines and angles

feature detectors

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the proccessing of many aspects of a problem or scene at the same time; the brain's natural mode of information proccessing for many functions, including vision

parallel proccessing

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the scene or act of hearing

audition

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the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

frequency

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a tone's experienced highness of lowness; depends on the frequency

pitch

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a coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through this fluid trigger nerve impulses

cochlea

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a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

hypnosis

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the principle that one sense may influence another as when the smell of food influences its taste

sensory interaction

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the system of sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

kinesthesis

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the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

vestibular sense

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an organized whole. These psychologist emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

gestalt

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the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings

figure-ground

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the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into meaningful groups

grouping

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the ability to see objects in their dimensions, although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance

depth perception

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a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

visual cliffs

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depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes

binocular cues

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a binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance - the greater disparity between two images, the closer the object

retinal disparity

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depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

monocular cues

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perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

perceptual constancy

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perceiving familiar objects as having a constant color, even if changing illumination alerts the wavelengths reflected by the object

color constancy

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in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field