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Values from light to dark are created using even areas of tones.

Tonal Value

Stippling is a technique of using small dots to create values. The greater the density of dots within an area, the darker the value; the more dispersed the dots, the lighter the value.

Stippling

Values from light to dark are created using a variety of lines.

Linear Value

Hatching is an artistic technique used to create shading effects by drawing closely spaced parallel lines. Softly drawn lines placed farther apart suggest lighter values. Heavier lines drawn closely together suggest darker values.

Hatching

Cross-hatching is when hatch marks are overlapped to create even darker values within a value drawing.

Cross-Hatching

A Value Drawing is a drawing that shows a full range of lights, darks and middle-tones within a composition.

Value Drawing

Light values next to dark values create contrast. Contrast can be created with color relationships as well.

Value Contrast

Color Contrast

Highlight is the lightest part of an object, closest to the light source. Highlights can be created by erasing values to make them lighter.

Highlight

On a form, it is the darkest part of an object, farthest from the light source. A cast shadow can form on the surface underneath a form where the light is blocked by the form.

Shadow

An outline that defines the shape of an object as well as the internal lines that define the form of an object.

Contour Line

Artwork where common inanimate objects arranged in a setting then drawn or painted as the subject matter.

Still Life

Used as a brainstorming tool for artists; serves as a way to try out different ideas and establish a composition before undertaking a more finished final product. A sketch is quicker and less detailed.

Sketch