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A measure of the extent to which genetically identical organisms may differ due to environmental causes.

1. perception: detects a stimulus, activates a messenger molecule
2. Transduction: converts perception into action
3. Response: changes in phenotype (growth, physiology)

Phototropism = response to light
gravitroprism = response to gravity
thigmotropism = response to touch
autotropism = orientation of other organs

Stem tips. Growth regulator auxin is transported down and away from light.

Root tips. Auxin produced in shoot, travels to root tip, redistributes, regulates cell elongation.

1. auxins
- phototropism
2. cytokinins
- overcome apical dominance
3. ethylene
- induce fruit ripening
4. abscisins
- proote stomatal closure
5. gibberrelins
- induce seed germination
6. brassinosteroids
- reduce stress
7. systemin
- signals wounding has occured
8. salicylic acid and jasmonic acid
- perceive/response to herbivores