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All main topics / Medicine / Microanatomy

Micro: Bone (67 Cards)

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1
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In what type of bone do you find Haversian canals?
Osteonal (Haversian) canals are found within the osteon of compact bones.
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Of the two types of bone, which type regenerates faster?
Trebecular
3
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Name the divisions of long bone
Epiphysis
Physis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
4
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What are two layers called that surround the compact bone?
Periosteum
Endosteum
5
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What two layers compose the periosteum?
Fibrous outer layer
Cellular inner layer
6
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What cells are located in the inner layer of the periosteum?
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
7
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What subtype of tissue describes the fibrous outer layer of the periosteum?
Dense irregular connective tissue
8
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Name the functions of the periosteum
To produce the diaphysis
To maintain, remodel, and repair the bone
To help anchor the tendons and ligaments
9
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What are the three types of endosteum?
Cortical endosteum
Trabecular endosteum
Osteonal Endosteum
10
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What does osteonal endosteum line?
Osteonal canals
11
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What type of connective tissue is present in the endosteum?
Loose Connective Tissue
12
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Name all of the important bone cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
13
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What are the components of the bone matrix?
Organic materials
Inorganic materials
Water
14
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What are the components in the osteoid?
Collagen (mostly Type I)
Amorphous ground substance (Glycoproteins, proteoglycans, GAG's, lipids)
15
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How does the organic matrix stain with H&E?
Acidophilically
16
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Where are hydroxyapatite crystals located?
In the inorganic matrix of extracellular matrix of bone.
17
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What is in the inorganic matrix of the bone?
Calcium
Phosphorus
Bicarbonate
Citrate
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
18
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Why is bone strong?
Strength is a result of the association of hydroxyapatite crystals with collagen.
19
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What provides the tensile strength of bones?
Collagen fibers
20
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What are the two lines of cells of bone?
Osteogenic
Osteoclastic
21
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What type of cell is the only bone cell capable of mitosis?
Osteoprogenitor cells
22
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What bone cells tend to be spindle-shaped with a pale nucleus and cytoplasm?
Osteoprogenitor cells
23
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How do you find an osteoprogenitor cell?
Look for spindle shaped cells that are not up against the a bony spicule
24
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What bone cells are cuboidal to columnar with a round nucleus?
Osteoblasts
25
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How do osteoblasts stain and why?
They stain basophilically because lots of RNA.
26
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Osteoblasts that become embedded in secreted matrix are called what?
Osteocytes
27
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What cells are located in lacunae?
Osteocytes
28
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What do osteocytes do?
Maintain the matrix
Help with maintenance of plasma calcium
29
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Osteocytes communicate with other osteocytes through what?
Canaliculi
30
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What structures help osteocytic processes share nutrients with each other and get rid of waste?
Gap junctions
31
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How do you tell what type of cell is lining the bone?
You can't.  They are just bone-lining cells
32
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What bone cell is a derivative of macrophages and is multinucleated?
Osteoclasts
33
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What do osteoclasts do?
They dissolve bone mineral and digest organic material
34
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How can you tell that a osteoclast is not a megakaryocyte?
The osteoclast is against the bone
35
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What bone cells are cuboidal to columnar and lie against the matrix?
Osteoblasts
36
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What classification of bone rarely has osteons?
Immature bone
37
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Woven bone is replaced by what type of bone?
lamellar bone
38
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What is lamellar bone made of?
Collagen
39
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What are the configurations of bone?
Cancellous
Compact
40
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How is cortical bone arranged?
In laminae or osteons
41
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Where is the circumferential lamellae located?
On the periosteal and endosteal surfaces
42
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What does Lamellae continue as in the marrow cavity?
Trabeculae
43
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What is the lamellar bone of osteons?
Osteonal bone
44
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What do Haversion canals contain?
Blood vessels
Nerves
Endosteal cells
45
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What is the reversal line?
The border of an osteon at which the osteoclasts stope eating away the adjacent osteon. 
46
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What are the structural units of bone?
osteons
47
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What do perforating canals connect?
Osteons with endosteum and periosteum
48
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What do communicating canals connect?
Osteonal vessels
49
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What type of collagen takes up stain in a demineralized section of bone?
Type I collagen
50
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What type of bone formation starts from mesenchyme and goes to bone?
Intramembranous Ossification
51
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What gets replaced by what in endochondral ossification?
Mesenchyme->cartilage->bone
52
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What is endochondral ossification?
Formation of bone within cartilage
53
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What part of the bone causes growth at the primary center of ossification?
The diaphysis
54
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What part of the bone causes growth at the secondary center of ossification?
The epiphysis
55
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What part of the bone causes growth in length?
The physis
56
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What part of the bone causes growth in width?
The periosteum
57
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What part of the bone vascularizes during endochondrial ossification/
The perichondrion around the diaphysis
58
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What does the perichondrion turn into after it vascularizes?
The periosteum
59
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What is in the zone of reserve cartilage?
Chondrocytes capable of mitosis
60
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In order from the epiphysis, what are the zones in the developing bone?
Epiphysis
Zone of reserve cartilage
Zone of proliferation
Zone of maturation & hypertrophy
Zone of Calcification/ Zone of ossification
61
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What type of cells are in the zone of reserve cartilage?
Chondrocytes capable of mitosis
62
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Name the three categories of joints and an example of each
Synostosis: Adult skull sutures
Syndesmosis: Radial-ulnar joint
Synchondrosis: Physis or intervertebral discs
63
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What are two categories of synchondrosis?
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
64
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What composes the joint capsule of a diathrodial joint?
Outer fibrous layer
inner synovial layer
65
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What type of cells reside in the synial layer of a diarthrodial joint?
macrophages
Fibroblast-like cells
66
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What do fibroblast-like cells do?
Secrete synovial fluid
67
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What does synovial fluid do?
Feeds the reticulocytes
Lubes the joint
Flashcard set info:
Author: toncrayb
Main topic: Medicine
Topic: Microanatomy
Published: 03.11.2009
Tags: Oregon, bone
 
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