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Fusarium oculumycosis. Caused damage to eyes. Can cause blindness

Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Statins, Cyclosporines

Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides spp.
Histoplasma capsulatum
Cryptococcus spp. IN BOTH CATEGORIES
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis

Aspergillus spp.
Candida spp.
Cryptococcus spp. IN BOTH CATEGORIES
Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor spp.
Penicillium mameffei
Pneumocysystis Jirovecii

molds or yeasts


Molds: Filamentous forms (Hypha)

Yeasts: oval to round cells.

Some can be dimorphic and exist in both forms

It's the round structure that is reproductive

Ergosterol in the cell membrane - target of Amphitercin B

Chitin in the cell wall for structural support

70s ribosomes ONLY IN THE MITOCHONDRIA (much like eukaryotic cells)

Own nuclear cells are 80s


Yes, some fungi can form capsules, and it's function is anti-phagocytic

Fungi have peptidoglycan cell walls, which protects them from KOH. Mounting on KOH will protect them from 20% KOH, which will break down other cells.

Shows presence of Fungi

Test with Methenamine Silver.

Can identify myriad yeast cells. This allows people to differentiate between fungal infections and TB

Fungal spores are less hardy than bacterial spores.

Usually referred to as conidia (chonidium)

Primarily: Look at the morphology
Otherwise: For certain fungi have biochemical tests.


5Fluorocytosine converted to 5-fluorouracil by some fungi

It's a fungus that often causes death in AIDS patients. It's a kind of Ascomycotina

A mucormycete.

Can live asexually indefinitely

Also have 2 mating types which can fuse to reproduce sexually

Produce sexual spores on a club (see on under side of a mushroom)

Can grow sexually or asexually.

Mycetismus = Ingestion of toxic fungus (poisonous mushrooms)

Mycotoxicosis - ingestion of a TOXIN produced in food by a fungus (contaminated grains)

Generates AFLATOXIN
- carcinogen and liver toxin.
- bans some lots of peanut butters.


Aflatoxins produced in peanuts can cause cancer / liver disease

Amanita Phalloides
- don't become ill immediately. Liver & Kidney damage


-amanitin which acts on RNA pol II
Damage to liver and kidney cells

Inocybe and Clitocybe
Lacrimation, Diarrhea, Parasympathetic Effect

Amanita Muscaria -
Much more likely to produces an anti parasympathetic effect

Rye or Wheat

Can cause vasoconstriction (Gangrene from hypoxia)
Hallucinogenic

LSD is derived from this fungus.


Exploited for medicine:
-ergotamine for migraine headaches
-ergonovine - post partum uterine bleeding

Temperature, Surface active agent, chemicals (Zn)