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Alle Oberthemen / Business Economics / Organizational Behavior

Organizational Behavior Ch. 6 (13 Karten)

Sag Danke
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Goals
Future outcomes that individuals and groups strive to achieve
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Importance of Goal Setting
Goals direct attention
Goals regulate effort
Goals increase persistence
Goals foster strategy and action programs
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Goal Difficulty
A Goal should be challenging but not impossible to achieve
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Goal Clarity
A Goal must be clear and specific if it is to be useful in directing effort
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Management by Objectives
A management system that uses goal difficulty and goal clarity as its foundation for motivating employees

See Table 6.1  p. 165
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Moderators
Four factors that moderate the the strength of the relationship between goals and performance:

Ability - performance levels off as the limits of a person's ability are approached

Goal Commitment - an individual's determination to reach a goal, regardless of whether the goal was set by that person or someone else.

Feedback - provides information to the employee about how well he or she is doing.

Task Complexity - Refers to the cognitive processing that is needed by a person to solve the task.
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Gain-Sharing Programs
Share with employees the savings from productivity improvements
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Scanlon Program
A Gain sharing program designed to save labor costs.

Uses a formula that bases distribution of rewards on a ratio of labor costs relative to total sales volume.

Example:
Estimate $100K needed to generate $500K in revenue.
Actual $80K generate $500K in revenue.
40% of $20K ($8K) distributed to employees, company keeps $12K
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Profit-sharing  Programs
Give Employee a portion of company earnings, usually by percentage.
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Skill-based pay programs
Pay is based on number and level of job skills employee has learned

Based on skills possessed rather than specific jobs performed

Little emphasis on seniority
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Flexible Benefit Programs
Allow employees to choose the benefits they want, rather than having management choose for them.

Also known as Cafeteria-Style Benefit Programs
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Mediators
Direction of attention - focuses behavior on goal achievement

Effort - the greater the challenge, the greater the effort

Persistence - willingness to work at a task until desired results are achieved.

Task Strategy - The way in which a person chooses to tackle a task
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Performance
Performance is likely to be high when:

1. Challenging goals are set

2. the moderators (ability, goal commitment, feedback, and task complexity) are present

3. the mediators (direction, effort, persistence, task strategy) are operating.
Kartensatzinfo:
Autor: robertsonsb
Oberthema: Business Economics
Thema: Organizational Behavior
Veröffentlicht: 27.02.2010
Tags: Motivation, Goal Setting, Reward Systems
 
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