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Frederick Douglass was a former slave and eminent leader in the abolition movement. he has also been the first black person in American History to hold a high position in the U.S. government. He was also nominated, without his knowledge, as vice-president during the campaigned run by Victoria Woodhull.
He died in 1895 after attending a congress in Washington D.C. held by the Nation Council of Women.
Between his positions, he was during different times U.S. ambassador in the Dominican Republic and in Haiti.

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
Even if it didn't formally ended the slavery in all the United States, it is a major document in the civil right movement and a big step towards the end of slavery.

Joshua L. Chamberlain (1828 - 1914) was a former College professor who decided to volunteer for the Union army the Civil War. Even if without any experience, he became well known and later he also received the Medal of Honor for his value during the Gettysburg Battle. He also had the honor to command the Union troops in the surrender ceremony over Lee's troops. He was also the 31rd Maine governor.