what kind of joints exist in the hand?
carpo-metacarpal joints
metacarpophalangeal joints
interphalangeal joints
metacarpophalangeal joints
interphalangeal joints
Tags:
Source: 5
Source: 5
a trapezoid
b tubercle of trapezium
c trapezium
d tubercle of scaphoid
e scaphoid
f wrist joint
g radius
h ulna
i lunate
j riquetrum
k pisiform
l hamate
m hook of hamate
n capiate
b tubercle of trapezium
c trapezium
d tubercle of scaphoid
e scaphoid
f wrist joint
g radius
h ulna
i lunate
j riquetrum
k pisiform
l hamate
m hook of hamate
n capiate
Tags:
Source: 5
Source: 5
list the three common injuries of the hand
Sprained wrist: t occurs after a fall on an outstretched hand stretches or tears theligaments of the wrist. A wrist strain or sprain will cause pain, tenderness, and swelling around
the wrist after a fall. It will be red, tender and warm to the touch. There may be bruising, decreased range of motion, and a dull deep ache in the wrist.
Tendonitis: of wrist is an irritation and swelling of the tissue or 'tunnel' which surrounds the tendons of the wrist. Pain in the front of the wrist is a common symptom of tendonitis. Bending and
extending the wrist is usually painful and there may be swelling in the wrist. If the hand is made into a fist with the thumb tucked inside and the pain gets worse, the diagnosis is likely to be tendonitis. can be caused by biomechanical problems, injury to the arm, overuse,
Scaphoid fracturemost commonly fractured carpal bone. A fall on an outstretched arm often results in a fracture of the scaphoid bone in the wrist. This complex bone has limited blood supply from a small vessel that enters the most distal part of the bone and flows back through the bone to supply it.
The blood supply to the scaphoid can be easily disrupted by a fracture; Scaphoid fractures may heal slowly or not at all
the wrist after a fall. It will be red, tender and warm to the touch. There may be bruising, decreased range of motion, and a dull deep ache in the wrist.
Tendonitis: of wrist is an irritation and swelling of the tissue or 'tunnel' which surrounds the tendons of the wrist. Pain in the front of the wrist is a common symptom of tendonitis. Bending and
extending the wrist is usually painful and there may be swelling in the wrist. If the hand is made into a fist with the thumb tucked inside and the pain gets worse, the diagnosis is likely to be tendonitis. can be caused by biomechanical problems, injury to the arm, overuse,
Scaphoid fracturemost commonly fractured carpal bone. A fall on an outstretched arm often results in a fracture of the scaphoid bone in the wrist. This complex bone has limited blood supply from a small vessel that enters the most distal part of the bone and flows back through the bone to supply it.
The blood supply to the scaphoid can be easily disrupted by a fracture; Scaphoid fractures may heal slowly or not at all
what are he funcitons of palmaris brevis?
by what nerve is it innervated?
it is right next to palmar aponeurosis.
by what nerve is it innervated?
it is right next to palmar aponeurosis.
like palmaris longus, palmaris brevis steadies and corrugates skin of palm to help with grip. Palmaris brevis is innervated by the superficial branch of ulnar
nerve (C8, T1) and it covers and protects the
ulnar nerve and artery
nerve (C8, T1) and it covers and protects the
ulnar nerve and artery
Dupuytren's Contracture (Palmar
Fibromatosis)
what happens?
where does it come from?
in wich gender and in which age doesi happen?
how do u treat it?
Fibromatosis)
what happens?
where does it come from?
in wich gender and in which age doesi happen?
how do u treat it?
it results from progressive thickening and contracture of the palmar fascial bands which eventually causes flexion deformities of the fingers, usually in the fourth and fifth digits. as it thickens it "shrinks" and produces a tightness in hand. It is an
autosomal dominant condition occurring more commonly in patients with diabetes, alcoholism, or epilepsy. Its incidence is higher in men and increases after age 45. Initial treatment is a corticosteroid injection into the thickened area of the palmar fascia, but if the hand cannot be placed flat on a table or,
especially, when significant contracture develops
at the PIP joints, surgery is usually indicated.
autosomal dominant condition occurring more commonly in patients with diabetes, alcoholism, or epilepsy. Its incidence is higher in men and increases after age 45. Initial treatment is a corticosteroid injection into the thickened area of the palmar fascia, but if the hand cannot be placed flat on a table or,
especially, when significant contracture develops
at the PIP joints, surgery is usually indicated.
what do the short muscles of the hand so. there are three groups.
These are the dorsal and palmar interosseous muscles and the lumbrical muscles. Acting together
these muscles produce flexion at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and extension of the proximal
and distal interphalangeal (IP) joints.
these muscles produce flexion at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and extension of the proximal
and distal interphalangeal (IP) joints.
name hte attachement, function, orgin and nerve supply of the lumbricals in the hand
origin tendon of felxor digitorum profundus
attachment lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 2 to 5
1 and 2: median nerve (cd8, t1)
3, 4: deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, t1)
flexes digits at
metacarpophalangeal
joints & extends
interphalangeal joints
attachment lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 2 to 5
1 and 2: median nerve (cd8, t1)
3, 4: deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, t1)
flexes digits at
metacarpophalangeal
joints & extends
interphalangeal joints
name the origin, attachment, function and nerve supply of the dorsal interosi of the hand
origin from metarparpals insert into Extensor expansions
& bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-
4
supplied by ulnar nerve
DAB3; abducts middle 3
digits & assists
lumbricals in flexing the
interphalangeal joints
& bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-
4
supplied by ulnar nerve
DAB3; abducts middle 3
digits & assists
lumbricals in flexing the
interphalangeal joints
there are 3 palmar interossi, anme funtion, atachemtn, origin, and nerve supply
palmar surfaces of
2nd, 4th & 5th
metacarpal bones
Extensor expansions
of digits & bases of
proximal phalanges
of digits 2,4, & 5
PAD; adducts digits &
assists lumbricals in
flexing the
interphalangeal joints
deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, t1)
2nd, 4th & 5th
metacarpal bones
Extensor expansions
of digits & bases of
proximal phalanges
of digits 2,4, & 5
PAD; adducts digits &
assists lumbricals in
flexing the
interphalangeal joints
deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, t1)
what is tenosynovitis? sympoms?
inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (called the synovium) that
surrounds a tendon.
Symptoms of tenosynovitis include pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the particular joint where the inflammation occurs. The tendons of the 2-4th fingers have separate
synovial sheaths, so an infection in any one of these sheathes does not spread, unlike the case of the 5th digit where infection can spread through the sheaths travelling through the palm, carpal tunnel and even into the anterior forearm. Likewise an infection or tenosynovitis in the thumb can spread via the continuous sheath of flexor pollicis longus
surrounds a tendon.
Symptoms of tenosynovitis include pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the particular joint where the inflammation occurs. The tendons of the 2-4th fingers have separate
synovial sheaths, so an infection in any one of these sheathes does not spread, unlike the case of the 5th digit where infection can spread through the sheaths travelling through the palm, carpal tunnel and even into the anterior forearm. Likewise an infection or tenosynovitis in the thumb can spread via the continuous sheath of flexor pollicis longus
Question
a x
b anterior interosseous artery
c ulnar artery
d dorsal carpal
e palmar carpal
fdeep parlmar arch
g suerpficial parlmar arch (terminal branch of ulnar artery)
h parlmar metacarpal arteries
icommon palmar digital arteries
j proper palmar digital arteries
k radialis indices artery
l deep palmar arch
m principes pollicis artery
n superficial palmar arch
o palmar carpal branch
p radial artery
Q mainl radial artery supply
R mainz ulnar arterial supply
b anterior interosseous artery
c ulnar artery
d dorsal carpal
e palmar carpal
fdeep parlmar arch
g suerpficial parlmar arch (terminal branch of ulnar artery)
h parlmar metacarpal arteries
icommon palmar digital arteries
j proper palmar digital arteries
k radialis indices artery
l deep palmar arch
m principes pollicis artery
n superficial palmar arch
o palmar carpal branch
p radial artery
Q mainl radial artery supply
R mainz ulnar arterial supply
what does the radial nerve in the hand supply?
The radial nerve does
not supply any muscles
in the hand – it is
entirely sensory.
supply the skin and
fascia over the lateral 2/3
of the dorsum of the
hand, i.e. the dorsum of
the thumb and dorsal
surface of the proximal
parts of the lateral 11/2
digits.
not supply any muscles
in the hand – it is
entirely sensory.
supply the skin and
fascia over the lateral 2/3
of the dorsum of the
hand, i.e. the dorsum of
the thumb and dorsal
surface of the proximal
parts of the lateral 11/2
digits.
what are the branches of the median nervein the hand? (4)
- a recurrent branch to
the thenar muscles
- branches to the 1st
and 2nd lumbrical
- digital nerves to the
skin and nail beds of
the lateral 31/2 digits
- a palmar branch
which is superficial to
the flexor retinaculum
and supplies the skin
of the central palm area
the thenar muscles
- branches to the 1st
and 2nd lumbrical
- digital nerves to the
skin and nail beds of
the lateral 31/2 digits
- a palmar branch
which is superficial to
the flexor retinaculum
and supplies the skin
of the central palm area
name the branches of the ulnar nerve. 3 direct branches.
Proximal to the carpal tunnel the ulnar nerve divides to give a :
Palmar cutaneous branch which passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis to supply the skin on
the medial side of the dorsum of the hand, the dorsum of the 5th finger and half of the 4th finger.
Distal to the carpal tunnel it divides into a superficial and deep
branch: the superficial branch gives off cutaneous branches to supply the anterior surface of the medial 1 1/2 fingers. The deep branch supplies the hypothenar muscle, the medial 2 lumbricals, adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis and all the interossei.
Palmar cutaneous branch which passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis to supply the skin on
the medial side of the dorsum of the hand, the dorsum of the 5th finger and half of the 4th finger.
Distal to the carpal tunnel it divides into a superficial and deep
branch: the superficial branch gives off cutaneous branches to supply the anterior surface of the medial 1 1/2 fingers. The deep branch supplies the hypothenar muscle, the medial 2 lumbricals, adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis and all the interossei.
Question
a hypothenar muscles
a1 flexor digiti minimi brevis
a2 opponens digiti minimi
a3 abductor digiti minimi
b thenar muscles
b1 flexor pollicis brevis
b2 opponens pollicis
b3 abductor pollicis brevis
c recurrent branch of median nerve
d flexor pollicius brevis and abductor pollicis brevis insert both into the lateral side ot hte extensor hood
e extensor hood
f adducor pollicis and first palmar interosseos insert into the medail side of the extensor hood.
g deep branch of ulnar artery and nerve
h flexor carpi ulnaris
i median nerve
j flexor retinaculum
a1 flexor digiti minimi brevis
a2 opponens digiti minimi
a3 abductor digiti minimi
b thenar muscles
b1 flexor pollicis brevis
b2 opponens pollicis
b3 abductor pollicis brevis
c recurrent branch of median nerve
d flexor pollicius brevis and abductor pollicis brevis insert both into the lateral side ot hte extensor hood
e extensor hood
f adducor pollicis and first palmar interosseos insert into the medail side of the extensor hood.
g deep branch of ulnar artery and nerve
h flexor carpi ulnaris
i median nerve
j flexor retinaculum
name the muscles of the forarm (flexors) of the superfical , intermediate and deep group
Superficial group (pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi
ulnaris)
2. Intermediate ‘group’ (flexor digitorum superficialis).
3. Deep group (flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus)
Superficial flexors
ulnaris)
2. Intermediate ‘group’ (flexor digitorum superficialis).
3. Deep group (flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus)
Superficial flexors
attachment of flexor digitorum superficialis, nerve and action
Humeroulnar head:
Medial epicondyle
of humerus, coronoid process of
ulna;
Radial head:
superior half of
anterior border of
radius to
Bodies of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
Median n (C7,
C8 & T1)
Flexes middle
phalanges of 4
medial digits;
Medial epicondyle
of humerus, coronoid process of
ulna;
Radial head:
superior half of
anterior border of
radius to
Bodies of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
Median n (C7,
C8 & T1)
Flexes middle
phalanges of 4
medial digits;
flexor digitorum profundus attachment and nerve and action
Flexor digitorum
profundus
(FDP)
Proximal ¾ of
medial and anterior surfaces of ulna & interosseous membrane
tp Bases of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits
Medial part :
ulnar n (C8 &
T1) ;
Lateral part :
median nerve
(C8 & T1) ;
Flexes distal
phalanges of 4
medial digits;
assists with
flexion of the hand
profundus
(FDP)
Proximal ¾ of
medial and anterior surfaces of ulna & interosseous membrane
tp Bases of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits
Medial part :
ulnar n (C8 &
T1) ;
Lateral part :
median nerve
(C8 & T1) ;
Flexes distal
phalanges of 4
medial digits;
assists with
flexion of the hand
brachioradialis attachment and nerve and action
lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent inter-muscular septum to Lateral surface of distal end of radius
Radial nerve [C5,C6] before division into superficial and deep branches Accessory flexor of elbow joint when forearm is mid-pronated
Radial nerve [C5,C6] before division into superficial and deep branches Accessory flexor of elbow joint when forearm is mid-pronated
Extensor pollicis
longus attachment, nerve action
longus attachment, nerve action
Posterior surfaces of middle 1/3 of ulna & interosseous membrane
to Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Extends distal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalange al and
interphalangeal
joints
Posterior
interosseous
n. (C7 & C8),
a branch of
the radial n.
to Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Extends distal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalange al and
interphalangeal
joints
Posterior
interosseous
n. (C7 & C8),
a branch of
the radial n.
what is the carpal tunnel syndorme (when come, due to what, what nerve is compressed)?
-arises when the space available in the tunnel is reduced,
-this could be due to damage to the tunnel itself or to the flexor retinaculum, or due to enlargement of one or more of the structures travelling through it
- The median nerve is usually most affected and become compressed in the tunnel;
-this could be due to damage to the tunnel itself or to the flexor retinaculum, or due to enlargement of one or more of the structures travelling through it
- The median nerve is usually most affected and become compressed in the tunnel;
Flashcard set info:
Author: Schnuschnax
Main topic: Medicine
Topic: Anatomy
Published: 08.02.2010
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