a) name the elementt linking the outer membrane to the peptidoglykan:
b) what is the C-terminal residue of this element?
c) why?
b) what is the C-terminal residue of this element?
c) why?
a) Lipoproteine
b) Lysine
c) the terminal NH2 of the Lys residue and the terminal COOH of a Meso-DAP residue from the Peptidoglycan are linked by a peptide bridge.
b) Lysine
c) the terminal NH2 of the Lys residue and the terminal COOH of a Meso-DAP residue from the Peptidoglycan are linked by a peptide bridge.
Protein G:
a) What is it
b) what does it do?
c) cite the bacterium that produces it:
a) What is it
b) what does it do?
c) cite the bacterium that produces it:
a) a protein, which is covalently anchored to the PG. Can be abundant and can form a kind of protective layer.
b)It binds the Fc fragement of antibodies and therefore prevents from being attacked by the innate immune system, because correct opsonization by the Fab fragment of antibodies isn¨t possible
c) Streptococcus
b)It binds the Fc fragement of antibodies and therefore prevents from being attacked by the innate immune system, because correct opsonization by the Fab fragment of antibodies isn¨t possible
c) Streptococcus
Protein A:
a) Cite the bacterium that produce it:
b) where is it localized on the bacterium?
c) what does it do?
a) Cite the bacterium that produce it:
b) where is it localized on the bacterium?
c) what does it do?
a) Staphylococcus
b) It is covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan. (cell wall)
c) It binds the Fc fragement of antibodies and therefore prevents from being attacked by the innate immune system, because correct opsonization by the Fab fragment of antibodies isn¨t possible
b) It is covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan. (cell wall)
c) It binds the Fc fragement of antibodies and therefore prevents from being attacked by the innate immune system, because correct opsonization by the Fab fragment of antibodies isn¨t possible
a) Name every PG precursor in the box underneath its structure. put an arrow on the step, which is inhibited by fosfomycin
b) What is the immediate next step?
b) What is the immediate next step?
a)
1.) UDP-N-Acetyl-Glucosamine (UDP-Glc-NAc)
2.) UDP-N-Acetyl-phosphoenolpyruvat
3.) UDP-N-Acetyl-Muramic Acid (UDP-Mur-NAc)
4.) UDP-N-Acetyl-Muramic Acid-Pentapeptide
(UDP-Mur-NAc-Pentapeptide
b) Lipidcarrier undecaprenyl takes a Mur-NAc-Pentapeptide unit and forms a molecule of undecaprenyl Mur-NAc-Pentapeptide (Lipid I).
Why is permease AmpG essential to the synthesis of AmpC?
AmpG internalizes muropeptides into the cytosol, which are breakdown products of the PF. The intrabacterial transcription activator AmpR becomes activated by binding to this muropeptide and starts the transcription of the Beta-lactamase gen ampC.
What is the funtion of the enzyme "sortase" ?
recognition and cleavage of the LPXTG motif of surface proteins and generation of a acyl enzyme intermediate, which after reacts with lipid II for PG-anchoring.
(After a nucleophilic attack of the free amino group of the pentapeptide from a precursor MurNAc-pentapeptide, the surface protein is incorporated into the cell wall.)
(After a nucleophilic attack of the free amino group of the pentapeptide from a precursor MurNAc-pentapeptide, the surface protein is incorporated into the cell wall.)
a.) Cite the end-product of the pathway sulfonamides inhibit:
b.) Cite the main function of this end product:
b.) Cite the main function of this end product:
a.) N^5,N^10-Methylene -Tetrahydrofolate
b.) N^5,N^10-Methylene-Tetrahydrofolate acts as a CH3 group donor for dUMP. dUMP is by this methylation converted into TMP, which is important for DNA synthesis.
b.) N^5,N^10-Methylene-Tetrahydrofolate acts as a CH3 group donor for dUMP. dUMP is by this methylation converted into TMP, which is important for DNA synthesis.
How is Cholera Toxin exported? Explain the steps:
1.) CT-A and CT-B are synthesized as pro-peptides in the cytosol.
2.) During the transport through the plasma membrane by the sec pathway, the signal sequence is removed.
3.) CT-A and CT-B fold an assemble in the periplasma. Disulfid bridges are introduced by DsbA.
4.) The holotoxin is now transported across the outer membrane by Type 2 translocon
2.) During the transport through the plasma membrane by the sec pathway, the signal sequence is removed.
3.) CT-A and CT-B fold an assemble in the periplasma. Disulfid bridges are introduced by DsbA.
4.) The holotoxin is now transported across the outer membrane by Type 2 translocon
Flashcard set info:
Author: CoboCards-User
Main topic: Bioloige
Topic: Mikorbiologie
Published: 14.06.2012
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