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Alle Oberthemen / Informatics / Linux

LPIC 101.1 (75 Karten)

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29
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How are partitions identified in the Linux file system?

With a number after the device name. For exampe, /dev/hda1, /dev/hda2, etc.

Tags: 101.1, fs, hard drives, linux, partitions
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43
Kartenlink

What are some of the key advantages of partitioning?

Multi-OS Support - Boot two operating systems requiring two different file systems
File-system Choice - Some file systems may be more suited to certain applications than others
Disk Space Management
Disk Error Management - Allows isolation of a problem, should a partition or file system become corrupt. Titanic style.
Security - Ability to set read-only file systems can add security, or be used for redundancy in the event that data is lost on a duplicate partition
Backups - They work better on entire partitions at a time, so segmenting your space into small, intelligently spaced surface areas allows for more effective backups and management.

Tags: 101.1, fs, hard drives, linux, partitions
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44
Kartenlink

How many partitions did the original x86 architecture support? Now that this has changed, what are those original partitions referred to as?

Four. They are now referred to as the primary partitions.

Tags: 101.1, partitions, x86
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45
Kartenlink

As hard disks grew larger, how did they work around the issue of the four partition limit, while maintaining backwards-compatibility?

How did they identify and categorize the subsequent solution?

The x86 partitioning system was extended by a single primary partition as a placeholder for an arbitrary number of additional partitions.

The placeholder partition is known as an extended partition, and all partitions within it are referred to as logical partitions.

Tags: 101.1, extended partitions, linux, logical partitions, partitions, primary partitions, x86
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46
Kartenlink

What operating systems must boot from a Primary Partition? Which do not?

Operating systems such as DOS and Windows must boot from a primary partition. Linux does not, and may actually use resources from multiple partitions to facilitate its needs.

Tags: 101.1, linux, partitions, primary partition
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47
Kartenlink

What is now the standard x86 partition design?

The x86 partitioning system uses up to four primary partitions, one of
which can be a placeholder extended partition that contains logical partitions.

Tags: 101.1, extended partition, linux, logical partition, partitions, primary partition, x86
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48
Kartenlink

Under Linux, what numbers are primary and extended partitions assigned? Provide examples.

One through four.

Examples:

The third primary partition on the second SCSI disk would be /dev/sdb3
The first primary partition on the first PATA disk would be /dev/hda1

Tags: /dev, linux, partitions, PATA, primary partition, SCSI
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49
Kartenlink

How are logical partitions' numbers assigned? Provide examples.

From five and up, and usually assigned sequentially.

For example, if there is a /dev/hda6, this implies that there is also a /dev/hda5.

Tags: /dev, 101.1, linux, logical partition, partitions
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50
Kartenlink

Aside from logical, primary, and extended partitions, there is another class of partitions that should be recognized. What are they, and how are they classified in the x86 architecture?

The x86 partition table supports partition type codes, which are two-digit hexadecimal numbers that are assigned to specific functions.

Examples:
0x06 is reserved for a certain type of File Allocation Table (FAT) partition.
0x82 denotes a Linux swap partition.
0x83 denotes a Linux file-system partition.

Tags: 101.1, linux, partitions, type codes, x86
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51
Kartenlink

Operating Systems like Windows and DOS rely more on type code partitions than Linux, but there are exceptions. What are they?

During installation, most Linux distributions pay attention to the partition type codes to help them guess how the system is configured. Installers and Linux disk utilities also create partitions with appropriate type codes set.
Linux relies on the extended partition type codes (0x05 and 0x0f) to identify extended partitions. You can try to act directly on the extended partition using various utilities, but for the most part doing so would be a mistake.

Tags: 101.1, linux, partitions, type codes, x86
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52
Kartenlink

To view partition information about a device, or to otherwise gain information about partitions and devices on the machine, what command can you use? Present an example.

The fdisk command.

Example:
fdisk -l /dev/hdb - This command will show the partition table for the device /dev/hdb.

fdisk -l - this will simply list the partition tables for all devices on the system.

Tags: 101.1, commands, fdisk, linux, partitions
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