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Crystalline insulin - rapid onset, short duration

Split mix - mix of crystalline and intermediate

Intermediate Insulin

GLP1 agonist

TERATOGEN

also, it's from Gila Monster saliva.

inhibit DPP4, blocking GLP-1 and GIP metabolism

block the metabolism of GLP-1 and GIP

increase insulin
decrease glucagon
induce hypoglycemia

TZDs/PPAR-gamma agonists
biguanides
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

PPAR-gamma agonists, causing increased membrane GLUT4, decreased inflammatory proteins

increase membrane GLUT4
decrease inflammatory proteins

takes 6-12 weeks to be effective

HEPATOTOXIC

CAUSES MI

takes 6-12 weeks to be effective

HEPATOTOXIC

CAUSES MI

blocks GNG

weight loss
improvement of lipid profile
LACTIC ACID ACIDOSIS
RENAL FAILURE WITH IODINATED CONTRAST

stops intestinal absorption of carbohydrates

Sulfonylureas - inhibit ATP/K+ channels

Meglitinides - inhibit ATP/K+ channels

Incretin Mimetics (exenatide) - GLP1 agonists

Gliptins - inhibit DPP4 and block GLP1 and GIP metabolism

tolbutamide, tolazamide, acetohexamide, chlorpropamide

inhibit ATP/K+ channels

SEVERE PROTRACTED HYPOGLYCEMIA THAT KILLS
WEIGHT GAIN

inhibit ATP/K+ channels

inhibit ATP/K+ channels AND increase insulin receptors on tissues

First generation: SEVERE PROTRACTED HYPOGLYCEMIA THAT KILLS, weight gain

Second generation: weight gain only